Its precise clarification, based on what has been stated here, is this: tadlīs applies only to a narrator who transmits from someone whom he is known to have met. (1) If he merely lived in the same period without any evidence of an actual meeting, then his report is a hidden mursal.

Whoever folds mere contemporaneity (2)—even without a meeting (3)—into the very definition of tadlīs is forced to include the hidden mursal within that definition. (4)

The correct view is to differentiate (5) between the two.

That an actual meeting (6)—rather than contemporaneity alone—is indispensable in tadlīs is demonstrated by the unanimous (7) agreement of the hadith experts that the narrations of the mukhadramīn (8)—such as Abū ʿUthmān an-Nahdī (9) and Qays ibn Abī Ḥāzim—attributed to the Prophet ﷺ are treated as mursal, not as tadlīs. For if simple contemporaneity were sufficient (10) for tadlīs, then these (11)