“O Asmāʾ, once a woman reaches puberty it is not fitting that anything of her be seen except this and this,” and he pointed to his face and his hands. (1)
This ḥadith is evidence for those who say that it is permissible to look at a woman who is not one’s maḥram. Ibn Raslān comments: “This applies when there is no fear of temptation that might arouse desire leading to intercourse or anything short of it. When there is a fear of temptation, then the unrestricted wording of the verse and the ḥadith shows that no condition of need is required—and what indicates that it should be restricted to situations of need is the Muslims’ unanimous practice of preventing women from going out with uncovered faces, especially when licentious men are numerous.”
Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ reports on behalf of the scholars that a woman is not obliged to cover her face while walking in the street, and that men are required to lower their gaze in accordance with the verse. The basic disagreement on the issue has already been presented.
I say: He (al-Shawkānī) is referring to a discussion he placed in the chapter preceding the ḥadith of ʿĀʾishah cited above, where he explained the verse, “and they should not reveal their adornment except what is apparent thereof” (al-Nūr 31). Under that verse he quoted al-Zamakhsharī’s exegesis of “adornment,” including his statement: “As for what is outward, such as a ring, kohl, and henna dye, there is no harm in showing it to non-maḥrams.”
Al-Shawkānī then concluded: “To summarise: a woman may display, from the places of adornment, only that for which there is a need.”