The practice continued in the same fashion after the Prophet’s ﷺ passing, and here are a few representative cases that meet our standard of authenticity:

First example — related by Muhājir al-Anṣārī:
(Hasan) – “Asmāʾ bint Yazīd al-Anṣārīyah was present at Yarmūk with the Muslims and killed seven Romans with the pole of her tent.”
Recorded by Saʿīd ibn Manṣūr in al-Sunan (3/2/307/2787) and by al-Ṭabarānī in al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr (24/157/403) with a hasan chain.

Second example — Khalid ibn Sayḥān said:
“I was at Tustar with Abū Mūsā, and four women were with us tending the wounded, so he allotted them a share of the spoils.”
Reported by Ibn Abī Shaybah (12/527) and by al-Bukhārī in al-Tārīkh (2/1/153) with a chain that can be graded hasan.

Third example — ʿAbd Allāh ibn Qurt al-Azdī said:
(Sound) – “I campaigned against the Byzantines with Khālid ibn al-Walīd and saw Khālid’s womenfolk and the women of his companions with their garments tucked up, carrying water for the Emigrants while chanting rajaz verses.”
Recorded by Saʿīd (3/2/307/2788) with a sound chain; he also cites another route (2785) that is weak and broken.
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