devoting the religion sincerely to Him alone—uprightly, establishing the prayer and giving the zakat; that is the religion of unswerving truth.” (1)

3 – Anyone setting out for Hajj or ʿUmrah must first study the rulings of these rites and the regulations of travel: shortening and combining the prayers, the rules of tayammum (dry ablution), wiping over the footwear, and everything else he will need on the road to performing the rites. The Prophet ﷺ said, “If Allah wants good for someone, He grants him understanding of the religion.” (2)

4 – Repentance from all sins and acts of disobedience is required—whether one is a pilgrim or not. Genuine repentance means giving up every sin, feeling sorrow for committing it, and resolving never to return to it. If he has wronged others, he must restore their rights and seek their pardon, whether the injustice involved honor, property, or anything else, before some of his good deeds are taken and given to his brother; if he has no