As for the prayer of fear (ṣalāt al-khawf), travel is not its legal cause; it simply arises more often on the road. (1)
Sixteenth: Combining prayers—its kinds and levels
- Combining the prayers at ʿArafah. ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUmar said, “They used to combine Dhuhr and ʿAsr in accordance with the Sunnah.” (2) He also said, “Whenever Ibn ʿUmar missed the prayer with the imam, he would combine the two.” (3)
Jabir related, in his account of the Farewell Pilgrimage, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to the floor of the valley, addressed the people, then gave the adhan (call to prayer), then the iqamah (commencement call) and performed Dhuhr, after which he gave another iqamah and performed ʿAsr, without offering anything in between. (4)
What further shows that he performed Dhuhr as two rakʿahs and ʿAsr as two rakʿahs is the report of Anas: “We set out with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from Madinah to Mecca, and he would pray two-rakʿah prayers, two-rakʿah prayers, until we returned to Madinah.” Another wording in Muslim reads, “We left Madinah to