devotion to the two-rakʿah Sunnah of Fajr was stricter than for all other voluntary prayers; he never omitted it or the Witr, whether on a journey or at home. … Nor has any report reached us that, while travelling, he ﷺ ever performed any other regular Sunnah besides these two.” (1)
As for unrestricted supererogatory prayers, they are legislated both for the resident and the traveller alike: the Ḍuḥā prayer, the night vigil, all non-specific nawafil, and the prayers connected to particular causes, such as the Sunnah after ablution, the Sunnah after circumambulation, the eclipse prayer, the mosque-greeting prayer, and the like (2).
Imām al-Nawawī, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “The scholars have unanimously agreed on the recommendability of unrestricted nawafil while travelling …” (3).
(1) Ibn al-Qayyim, Zad al-Maʿad fi Hady Khayr al-ʿIbad, vol. 1, p. 315.
(2) See: Majmuʿ Fatawa wa Maqalat of Imam Ibn Baz, vol. 11, pp. 390–391.
(3) Al-Nawawi, Sharh Sahih Muslim, vol. 5, p. 205. He writes: “The scholars differed over the recommendation of the regular voluntary prayers (al-nawafil al-ratiba): Ibn ʿUmar and others considered them disliked, whereas al-Shafiʿi, his school, and the majority deemed them recommended, adducing the general hadiths that encourage the rawatib.” See also Ibn Hajar, Fath al-Bari, vol. 2, p. 577.
Ibn Qudama states: “As for the rest of the Sunnah and supererogatory prayers before and after the obligatory ones, Ahmad said: ‘I hope there is no harm in performing supererogatory prayers while travelling.’ Al-Hasan related that the Companions of the Messenger of Allah used to travel and still perform voluntary prayers before and after the prescribed ones. The same is reported from ʿUmar, ʿAli, Ibn Masʿud, Jabir, Anas, Ibn ʿAbbas, Abu Dharr, and many Followers, and it is the view of Malik, al-Shafiʿi, Ishaq, Abu Thawr, and Ibn al-Mundhir. Ibn ʿUmar, however, would not offer any voluntary prayer attached to an obligatory one, either before it or after it, except in the depths of the night; this was likewise transmitted from Saʿid b. al-Musayyib, Saʿid b. Jubayr, and ʿAli b. al-Husayn. He then says: ‘The report of al-Hasan from the Companions—already cited from Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah, 1/382—shows that performing these prayers is unobjectionable, while the report of Ibn ʿUmar shows that leaving them is unobjectionable; thus the narrations can be reconciled, and Allah knows best.’” Al-Mughni, vol. 3, pp. 155–157.
I say: The correct view, and the one preferred by our teacher Imam Ibn Baz—may Allah have mercy on him—is that the legislated practice while travelling is to omit the rawatib. The sunnah, therefore, is to forgo the rawatib of Zuhr, Maghrib, and ʿIsha, while never abandoning Witr and the two rakʿas of Fajr, for Ibn ʿUmar and others relate that the Prophet used to leave the rawatib during travel. Unrestricted voluntary prayers remain prescribed both when travelling and when resident, as do prayers performed for specific reasons. See: Fatawa al-Imam Ibn Baz, vol. 11, pp. 390–391.