and the Witr are never left off, whether one is resident or travelling. This is confirmed by the ḥadīth of ʿĀʾishah, may Allah be pleased with her, concerning the two-rakʿah Sunnah of Fajr, in which she said that the Prophet ﷺ “never abandoned them at all” (1); and by the ḥadīth of Abū Qatādah, may Allah be pleased with him, about the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions oversleeping on a journey until the sun had risen, where it states: “Bilāl then gave the call to prayer, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed two rakʿahs, after which he led the dawn prayer, doing exactly as he did every day” (2).

With regard to the Witr itself, there is the ḥadīth of ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with him: “While travelling, the Prophet ﷺ would pray on his mount, facing whatever direction it turned; he would gesture with head movements for the night prayers other than the obligatory ones, and he would perform Witr on his mount.” In another wording: “He used to perform Witr on the camel” (3).

Imām Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “And his ﷺ regular …”