than that is unanimously agreed upon—that is, it clearly falls under the established consensus. (1) By following this position a Muslim avoids disputed matters, leaving what causes him doubt for what is free of doubt, and Allah knows best. (2)

Ninth: Shortening the prayer at Mina applies to the people of Mecca as well as to all other pilgrims. This is borne out by the report of ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUmar, who said, “I prayed with the Prophet ﷺ at Mina two rakʿahs, and with Abu Bakr and ʿUmar, and with ʿUthman during the early part of his caliphate—then he completed it as four.” (3)

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yazīd narrated: “ʿUthman ibn ʿAffān led us in prayer at Mina with four rakʿahs. This was mentioned to ʿAbd Allah ibn Masʿūd, who said ‘Innā lillāhi wa-innā ilayhi rājiʿūn,’ and added, ‘I prayed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Mina two rakʿahs, I prayed with Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddīq at Mina two rakʿahs, and I prayed with ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb two rakʿahs. Would that my portion of those four rakʿahs were two that are accepted!’” (4)