an ʿumrah, except for those who had brought the sacrificial animals with them. (1)
Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “If a traveller intends to stay in a town for four days or less, he may shorten the prayer, just as the Prophet ﷺ did when he entered Mecca, for he remained there four days while shortening his prayers. If he plans to stay longer, the scholars differ, and the safer course is to pray in full. However, if he simply says, ‘Tomorrow I will depart,’ or ‘The day after tomorrow I will depart,’ without a firm intention to reside, he should shorten; for the Prophet ﷺ stayed in Mecca for about nineteen days shortening his prayers, and he stayed in Tabuk for twenty nights doing the same. Allah knows best.” (2)
(1) Agreed upon; reported by al-Bukhari, Book of Shortening the Prayer, “Chapter: How long the Prophet ﷺ stayed during his Hajj,” no. 1085.
(2) Ibn Taymiyya, Majmuʿ al-Fatawa, 24:17. He was asked about a man who knows he will remain somewhere for two months: may he perform qasr (shortening the prayer)? He answered: “Praise be to Allah. The scholars differ on this issue: some obligate praying in full (itmām), others obligate shortening. The sound position is that both are permissible; whoever shortens is not to be censured, and whoever completes is not to be censured. They have likewise disputed which is preferable. Whoever doubts the permissibility of shortening and wishes to be cautious should pray in full. But whoever understands the sunnah and knows that the Prophet ﷺ prescribed only two rakʿas for the traveller, without restricting travel to a specific distance or time, and without limiting residency to any set period—whether three, four, twelve, or fifteen days—should shorten, just as several of the early Muslims did. Masruq, for example, was appointed to an office he did not seek and continued to shorten the prayer for years. The Muslims stayed in Nihawand for six months shortening the prayer; they did so knowing their needs would not be met in four days or more. Similarly, after the conquest of Mecca the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions stayed nearly twenty days shortening the prayer, and they remained in Mecca more than ten days while breaking the fast in Ramadan. When the Prophet ﷺ conquered Mecca he knew he would have to stay there for more than four days. Since such limits have no firm basis, the traveller remains entitled to shorten the prayer as long as he is in a state of travel, even if he stays in one place for months. Allah knows best.”
Majmuʿ al-Fatawa, 24:17–18. See also ibid., 24:140, 24:137; Ibn Taymiyya, al-Ikhtiyarat al-fiqhiyya, p. 110; Ibn ʿUthaymin, al-Sharh al-mumtiʿ, 4:529–539; al-Saʿdi, al-Ikhtiyarat al-jaliyya, p. 66.