and if swearing by a created being to another created being is forbidden—and is outright polytheism, as the hadith makes clear—then how much more forbidden is it to swear by a created being before the Creator, exalted and sublime. If, however, the preposition bi is taken to mean “by way of,” Allah, glorified be He, has not made asking through a created being a means for answering prayers, nor has He legislated it for His servants.

4 – Seeking tawassul by the “right” (ḥaqq) of a created being is impermissible for two reasons:

First, Allah is obliged to no one. Any “right” a servant has is purely Allah’s favor and grace, as He says, “It is incumbent upon Us to help the believers” (30:47). Thus, when an obedient servant is said to “deserve” reward, that desert is a bestowal of bounty and generosity, not a reciprocal entitlement such as creatures hold against one another.

Second, the right with which Allah has honored a servant is exclusive to that servant alone; it concerns no one else. Therefore, if someone who is not entitled to that right seeks tawassul through it, he is invoking something wholly unrelated to him, and it will profit him nothing.