an immersion in sin, known as al-ghamūs.(1) Allah has also described the hypocrites as “those who swear to falsehood while they know [they are lying].”

From this we arrive at the following conclusions:
1 – It is forbidden to swear by anything other than Allah—such as swearing “by the trust,” “by the Kaʿbah,” or “by the Prophet’s honor”—for that is shirk.
2 – It is forbidden to swear by Allah while deliberately lying; this is the oath of al-ghamūs.
3 – It is forbidden to make frequent oaths by Allah, even when truthful, if there is no need, for such behavior belittles Allah, Exalted is He.
4 – It is permissible to swear by Allah when one is truthful and there is a genuine need.

(b) Seeking tawassul through a created being to Allah Most High: tawassul means drawing near to something and finding a pathway to it, while wasīlah signifies a means of closeness. Allah, Exalted, says: “And seek the means of approach to Him” (Q 5:35)—that is, seek nearness to Him through obedience to Him and by pursuing what pleases Him.