other than Allah, or seeking his help in matters that only Allah can accomplish, or seeking refuge in him for such purposes.
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Apostasy through actions: for example, prostrating to an idol, a tree, a stone, or a grave, or slaughtering an animal for their sake; casting the mushaf (the physical copy of the Quran) into filthy places; practicing, learning, or teaching magic; and judging by something other than what Allah has revealed while believing that to be permissible.
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Apostasy through belief: such as holding that Allah has a partner, or that fornication, wine, or usury are lawful; or that bread is unlawful; or that the obligatory prayer is not required—indeed, any matter whose permissibility, prohibition, or obligation has been established by definitive scholarly consensus, of which no one could reasonably be ignorant.
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Apostasy through doubt regarding any of the above: for instance, someone who doubts the prohibition of polytheism, fornication, or wine; doubts the lawfulness of bread; doubts the prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ or any other prophet, his truthfulness, the religion of Islam itself, or its suitability for this age.