2 – Restricted jāhiliyyah: a condition found in certain states, some regions, and particular individuals, and it still exists today. This makes clear the error of those who generalize and say, “The jāhiliyyah of this century,” and similar expressions. The correct statement would be, “The jāhiliyyah of some people in this century,” or, “of most people in this century.” A blanket attribution is unsound and impermissible, for with the Prophet’s mission ﷺ the universal jāhiliyyah came to an end.

2 – Fisq (wickedness): Linguistically, fisq means “to depart,” while in the Sharīʿah it denotes departing from obedience to Allah. This covers total departure—so the unbeliever is called a fāsiq—and partial departure, whereby a believer who commits a major sin is likewise termed a fāsiq.

Fisq, therefore, is of two kinds:

1. A fisq that expels one from the religion, namely disbelief; thus the unbeliever is a fāsiq. Allah said of Iblīs, “He rebelled against the command of his Lord” (al-Kahf 18:50), and that rebellion was disbelief.
2. A fisq that does not expel one from the religion. Concerning such people Allah says, “But as for those who defiantly disobeyed, their refuge will be the Fire” (al-Sajdah 32:20).