al-Shawkānī, in summary, said:
“The ḥadith establishes the point under discussion, namely, that it is permissible to eat in the mosque. Numerous reports support this: among them is the residence of the People of the Bench (Ahl al-Suffa), for the fact that they had no home but the mosque necessarily means they ate their food there; the tradition of a captive man being tied to one of the mosque’s pillars—some narrations state he remained bound for three days; the pitching of tents in the mosque for Saʿd ibn Muʿādh, as noted earlier, and for the Black woman who used to sweep the mosque; the lodging of the Thaqīf delegation in the mosque, and other similar cases. In short, the reports that prove the permissibility of eating in the mosque are abundant.”

I add: All of these ḥadiths have already been cited in their appropriate places within this chapter; the reader may consult them there.

10 – Facing the Kaʿbah

1. The worshipper is required to direct both face and body toward the Kaʿbah. This obligation is established by the Quran and the Sunnah.
   a) From the Quran: “We have certainly seen the turning of your face toward the heaven, so We will surely turn you to a qiblah that will please you. So turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Ḥarām; and wherever you are, turn your faces toward it.” (al-Baqarah 2:144)

   b) From the Sunnah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to pray in Mecca facing Jerusalem with the Kaʿbah before him; after migrating to Madinah he continued to do so for sixteen months, after which he was redirected to the Kaʿbah.