that it is too weak to oppose those sound narrations which establish that the thigh is not ʿawrah. We therefore say:

First: The ḥadith of Ibn ʿAbbās. It was transmitted by Abū Yaḥyā al-Qattāt from Mujāhid, from him. He stated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “The thigh is ʿawrah.” The defect lies with this Abū Yaḥyā—whose more common name is Dīnār—for he is weak, as Ibn Ḥazm affirmed in al-Muḥallā and Ibn Ḥajar in Fatḥ al-Bārī. Al-Tirmidhī, al-Ṭaḥāwī in Sharḥ al-Maʿānī, al-Ḥākim, al-Bayhaqī, and Aḥmad all reported the narration through him.

Second: The ḥadith of Jarhad. Its flaws are anonymity and internal inconsistency, both of which preclude confidence in it. Abū Dāwūd, al-Ṭaḥāwī in al-Mushkil, al-Bayhaqī, al-Ṭayālisī, and Aḥmad all narrated it from Mālik, from Abū al-Naḍr, from Zurʿah ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Jarhad, from his father, from Jarhad. Al-Dārimī and al-Ṭaḥāwī in Sharḥ al-Maʿānī recorded it from Mālik, from Abū al-Naḍr, from Zurʿah ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, from his father, as a marfūʿ narration (traced back to the Prophet), thereby treating it as part of the collection of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Jarhad. Al-Tirmidhī, al-Ḥākim, and Aḥmad transmitted it through Sufyān ibn ʿUyaynah, from Abū al-Naḍr, from Zurʿah ibn Muslim ibn Jarhad, from his grandfather, from Jarhad.