is indispensable in matters of public office, governance, and the like. Similarly, an insolvent debtor must strive to repay his debt, even though at present he is required to pay only what he can afford. Likewise, one must prepare for jihad by mustering strength and keeping cavalry ready, even when the duty of jihad has been waived because of incapacity. Whatever is indispensable to fulfilling an obligation is itself obligatory. By contrast, one is not obliged to acquire the requisite capacity for pilgrimage and similar duties, because in such cases the obligation itself does not take effect without that capacity.
Chapter
The important matter (1) in this chapter is identifying the most suitable candidate (2). This can be achieved only by knowing the purpose of the office and the means of attaining that purpose. Once the objectives and means are known, the matter can be properly settled. Thus, when most rulers became more concerned with worldly ends than with religion, they appointed to office those who would help them achieve those ends. Likewise, anyone seeking power for himself prefers to appoint those who will uphold his authority (3).
The established practice was that the military commanders—the sovereign’s deputies in charge of the troops—would lead the Muslims in Friday and congregational prayers and deliver the sermon to them. Thus, when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed Abū Bakr to lead the prayer, the Muslims gave him precedence in military command and all other affairs.
Whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) dispatched a commander on a military campaign (4), the commander himself was the one who would lead