Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyyaIbn Taimiya

is indispensable in matters of public office, governance, and the like. Similarly, an insolvent debtor must strive to repay his debt, even though at present he is required to pay only what he can afford. Likewise, one must prepare for jihad by mustering strength and keeping cavalry ready, even when the duty of jihad has been waived because of incapacity. Whatever is indispensable to fulfilling an obligation is itself obligatory. By contrast, one is not obliged to acquire the requisite capacity for pilgrimage and similar duties, because in such cases the obligation itself does not take effect without that capacity.

Chapter

The important matter (1) in this chapter is identifying the most suitable candidate (2). This can be achieved only by knowing the purpose of the office and the means of attaining that purpose. Once the objectives and means are known, the matter can be properly settled. Thus, when most rulers became more concerned with worldly ends than with religion, they appointed to office those who would help them achieve those ends. Likewise, anyone seeking power for himself prefers to appoint those who will uphold his authority (3).

The established practice was that the military commanders—the sovereign’s deputies in charge of the troops—would lead the Muslims in Friday and congregational prayers and deliver the sermon to them. Thus, when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed Abū Bakr to lead the prayer, the Muslims gave him precedence in military command and all other affairs.

Whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) dispatched a commander on a military campaign (4), the commander himself was the one who would lead

(1) (ط): “The most important thing…” (2) (ي): “reform,” with the following written above it: “Apparently: ‘the most suitable.’” (3) Shaykh al-'Uthaymīn comments in his *Sharh* (p. 64): “Hence, kings and heads of state favor those scholars who accommodate their desires, even when their country contains scholars more knowledgeable and devout than those whom they favor, for their sole aim is to fulfill their own desires…” (4) (ي): “the war.”
لا بد منه من أمور الولايات والإمارات ونحوها، كما يجب على المُعْسِر السعي في وفاء دينه، وإن كان في الحال لا يُطْلَب منه إلا ما يقدر عليه، وكما يجب الاستعدادُ للجهاد بإعداد القوة ورباط الخيل في وقت سقوطه للعجز، فإنَّ ما لا يتمُّ الواجبُ إلا به فهو واجب، بخلاف الاستطاعة في الحج ونحوها، فإنه لا يجب تحصيلها؛ لأن الوجوب هناك لا يتم إلا بها. فصل والمهم (١) في هذا الباب معرفة الأصلح (٢) وذلك إنما يتم بمعرفة مقصود الولاية، ومعرفة طريق المقصود، فإذا عُرِفَت المقاصد والوسائل تم الأمر. فلهذا لما غلب على أكثر الملوك قصد الدنيا دون الدين قدَّموا في ولايتهم من يُعينهم على تلك المقاصد، وكان من يطلب رئاسة نفسه يؤثر تقديم من يقيم رئاسته (٣). وقد كانت السُّنة أن الذي يصلي بالمسلمين الجمعة والجماعة ويخطب بهم هم أمراء الحرب، الذين هم نُوَّاب ذي السلطان على الجند، ولهذا لما قدَّم النبي ﷺ أبا بكر في الصلاة، قدَّمَه المسلمون في إمارة الحرب وغيرها. وكان النبي ﷺ إذا بعث أميرًا على حرب (٤) كان هو الذي يؤمُّ
(١) (ط): «وأهم ما». (٢) (ي): «الإصلاح» وكتب فوقها: الظاهر: الأصلح. (٣) علق الشيخ العثيمين في «شرحه» (ص ٦٤): (ولهذا تجد الملوك ورؤساء البلدان يقربون من العلماء مَن يوافقهم على أهوائهم، وإن كان في البلد مَن هو أعلم وأدين ممن قربوه؛ لأنهم إنما يريدون الوصول إلى أهوائهم ... ). (٤) (ي): «الحرب».

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