Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyyaIbn Taimiya

The Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also establishes in several passages that public authority is a trust whose duties must be fulfilled. This is shown by what was cited above and by his words to Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning leadership, which is a position of authority (1): “It is a trust, and on the Day of Resurrection it will bring disgrace and regret, except for one who assumes it rightfully and fulfills his duties regarding it.” This was narrated by Muslim (2).

Al-Bukhārī narrated in his Sahīh (3), on the authority of Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “When the trust is neglected, await the Hour.” He was asked, “O Messenger of Allah, how will it be neglected?” He replied, “When authority is entrusted to those unqualified for it, await the Hour” (4).

The Muslims have reached consensus on this meaning. The guardian of an orphan, the administrator of an endowment, and a person’s agent in managing his wealth must always act in whatever way best serves the beneficiary’s interests. Allah says: “Do not approach the orphan’s property except in the manner that is best” [al-Isrāʾ 17:34]. He did not say, “except (5) in a manner that is good.”

(1) The phrase “which is a position of authority” appears in the original. (2) No. 1825. Shaykh Ibn Uthaymīn states in his *Commentary* (p. 32), regarding this hadith: “Two conditions must be met for assuming positions of authority to be permissible: an antecedent condition and a concurrent condition. The antecedent condition is that one assumes the position rightfully, meaning that one is qualified for it. The concurrent condition is that one fulfills the duties Allah has imposed upon one in that position. It is therefore unlawful for an unqualified person to assume it, even if it is offered to him. Likewise, if someone is qualified but fears that he will not act justly, it is impermissible for him to assume it. Regarding justice between wives—a matter of lesser gravity than this—Allah Most High says: ‘But if you fear that you will not be just, then marry only one’ [al-Nisāʾ 4:3] … What, then, of a position of authority?!” (3) No. 59. (4) This hadith is omitted from (ي). (5) This phrase is absent from (ظ).
وقد دلَّت سنةُ رسول الله ﷺ على أن الولاية أمانة يجب أداؤها في مواضع: مثل ما تقدم، ومثل قوله لأبي ذر ﵁ في الإمارة التي هي الولاية (١): «إنها أمانة، وإنها يوم القيامة خزي وندامة، إلا من أخذها بحقها، وأدَّى الذي عليه فيها» رواه مسلم (٢). وروى البخاري في «صحيحه» (٣) عن أبي هريرة ﵁ أن النبي ﷺ قال: «إذا ضُيِّعت الأمانة فانتظر الساعة» قيل: يا رسول الله وما إضاعتها؟ قال: «إذا وُسِّدَ الأمر إلى غير أهله فانتظر الساعة» (٤). وقد أجمع المسلمون على معنى هذا، فإنَّ وصيَّ اليتيم، وناظر الوقف، ووكيل الرجل في ماله، عليه أن يتصرف له بالأصلح فالأصلح، كما قال الله: ﴿وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ﴾ [الإسراء: ٣٤]، ولم يقل: إلا (٥) بالتي هي حسنة.
(١) «التي هي الولاية» من الأصل. (٢) (١٨٢٥). قال الشيخ ابن عثيمين في «شرحه» (ص ٣٢) تعليقًا على الحديث: (فلابد من أمرين ــ أي لجواز تولي الولايات ــ أمر سابق وأمر مقارن، الأمر السابق: هو أن يأخذها بحقها بحيث يكون أهلًا لها. والثاني المقارن: أن يؤدِّي ما أوجب الله عليه فيها، فمن لم يكن أهلًا فإنه لا يحل له أن يتولَّاها حتى لو عُرِضت عليه، ومن كان أهلًا ولكن خاف أن لا يعدل فإنه أيضًا لا يجوز له أن يتولاها؛ لأن الله تعالى قال في العدل بين النساء ــ وهو دون ذلك ــ: ﴿فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً﴾ [النساء: ٣] ... فكيف بالولاية؟!). (٣) (٥٩). (٤) هذا الحديث سقط من (ي). (٥) ليست في (ظ).

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