Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyyaIbn Taimiya

to cooperate with and support one another; they cooperate in securing benefit and support one another in warding off harm, since no individual can, on his own, secure all that benefits him and ward off all that harms him (1).

Whenever they gather, they must have a leader (2). Thus, the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “When three people set out on a journey, let them appoint one of them as their leader” (3). Abū Dāwūd narrated it from Abū Saīd and Abū Hurayra (4).

Imam Ahmad also narrated in the Musnad (5), from Ibn Amr (6)—may Allah be pleased with them both—(7), that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “It is not lawful for three people to be in an open tract of land without appointing one of them as their leader.”

The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—thus required that one person be appointed as leader in the small, temporary gathering formed during travel, thereby drawing attention to all other forms of association, which are larger and more enduring. Moreover, Allah Most High has enjoined (8) commanding what is right and forbidding what is wrong, and this cannot be accomplished without power and authority,

(1) From the words “to cooperate with and support one another…” to this point is from the original manuscript. (2) The original manuscript has the corrupt reading *wa-li-annahu* (“and because it”)! (3) Manuscript (ي) reads: *fa-ammirū* (“then appoint [one]”). A marginal note states: “The wording in the *Sunan* of Abū Dāwūd is *falyuammirū* (‘let them appoint [one]’).” (4) Abū Dāwūd (2608, 2609). Al-Nawawī states in *Riyād al-Sālihīn* (p. 299) that its chain of transmission is sound. Al-Albānī likewise graded it sound in *al-Sahīha* (1322). (5) Ahmad, *al-Musnad* (6647). Its chain of transmission contains Ibn Lahīa, who is weak. (6) The original manuscript and manuscripts (ي، ظ) incorrectly read: “Umar.” (7) The passage from the beginning of the paragraph to this point is omitted from (ظ). (8) In (ف), *wujūb* (“obligation”) appears in place of “which are…has enjoined.” The phrase “thereby drawing attention to all other forms” is repeated in (ب). The words “which are larger and more enduring” are from the original manuscript. In (ظ), the text following them reads: “This is indicated by the fact that it is obligatory…”
إلى بعض تعاونًا وتناصرًا؛ يتعاونون على جلب المنفعة، ويتناصرون لدفع المضرة، إذ الواحد منهم لا يقدر وحده على جلب جميع منافعه، ودفع جميع مضارِّه (١). ولابد (٢) لهم عند الاجتماع من رأس، حتى قال النبي ﷺ: «إذا خرج ثلاثةٌ في سفر فليؤمِّروا (٣) أحدهم» رواه أبو داود من حديث أبي سعيد وأبي هريرة (٤). وروى الإمام أحمد في «المسند» (٥) عن ابن عَمرو (٦) ﵄ (٧) أن النبي ﷺ قال: «لا يحلُّ لثلاثة يكونوا بفلاةٍ من الأرض إلا أمَّروا عليهم أحدَهم». فأوجب ﷺ تأميرَ الواحد في الاجتماع القليل العارض في السفر تنبيهًا بذلك على سائر أنواع الاجتماع التي هي أكثر وأدْوَم، ولأن الله تعالى أوجب (٨) الأمرَ بالمعروف والنهيَ عن المنكر، ولا يتمُّ ذلك إلا بقوَّة وإمارة،
(١) من قوله: «تعاونًا وتناصرًا ... » إلى هنا من الأصل. (٢) تحرفت في الأصل: «ولأنه»! (٣) (ي): «فأمروا» وعلق بالهامش: «لفظه في سنن أبي داود: فليؤمروا». (٤) (٢٦٠٨، ٢٦٠٩). قال النووي في «رياض الصالحين» (ص ٢٩٩): إسناده حسن. وكذا الألباني في «الصحيحة» (١٣٢٢). (٥) (٦٦٤٧) وفي سنده ابن لهيعة، وهو ضعيف. (٦) في الأصل و (ي، ظ): «عمر» خطأ. (٧) من أول الفقرة إلى هنا ساقط من (ظ). (٨) (ف) بدلا من «التي هي ... أوجب» = «وجوب». وقوله: «بذلك على سائر أنواع» تكرر في (ب)، و «التي هي أكثر وأدوم» من الأصل، وما بعدها في (ظ): «ويدل على ذلك أن واجب».

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