Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyya - Ibn Taimiya - (الكتاب/224)

Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyyaIbn Taimiya

As for adjudication concerning (1) property, judgment between people must be rendered with justice, as Allah and His Messenger have commanded. This includes dividing estates among the heirs in accordance with the Book and the Sunnah. (2) The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah has given everyone entitled to a right his due, and no bequest may be made to an heir.” (3)

When Allah set out the prescribed inheritance shares—those of the direct line of kinship, namely ascendants and descendants, and those of lateral relations, namely spouses and collateral heirs—He, Glorified and Exalted, said:

“These are the limits set by Allah. Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit them into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, where they will abide forever. That is the supreme triumph. (13) But whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits, He will admit him into a Fire in which he will abide forever, and he will suffer a humiliating punishment.” [al-Nisā’: 13–14].

(1) The words “the ruling concerning” appear in the base manuscript. (2) From this point to the end of the chapter (p. 226), the text is found only in the base manuscript. (3) This hadith was transmitted through a number of Companions. One such report is that of Abū Umāma al-Bāhilī, may Allah be pleased with him, recorded by Ahmad (22294), Abū Dāwūd (2862), al-Tirmidhī (2120), Ibn Mājah (2713), al-Dāraqutnī (3/40), al-Bayhaqī (6/212), and others. Al-Tirmidhī said: “This is a *hasan sahīh* (good and authentic) hadith.” In *al-Tuhfa* and *al-Badr*, however, it is described only as *hasan*. Ibn al-Mulaqqin stated in *al-Badr al-Munīr* (7/264–269): “It is as he said, for it was transmitted by Ismāʿīl ibn Ayyāsh from Shurahbīl ibn Muslim, who was from Hims and belonged to the people of Syria.” Al-Hāfiz also graded it *hasan* in *al-Talkhīs* (3/106).

وأما الحكم في (١) الأموال؛ فيجب الحكم بين الناس فيها بالعدل كما أمر الله ورسوله، مثل قَسْم المواريث بين الورثة على ما جاء به الكتاب والسنة. (٢) قال النبي ﷺ: «إن الله قد أعطى كلَّ ذي حقٍّ حقه، ولا وصية لوارث» (٣) ولما ذكر الله الفرائض ــ فرائض عمود النسب من الأصول والفروع وفرائض الأطراف من الزوجين والكلالة ــ قال ﷾: ﴿تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ (١٣) وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ نَارًا خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَلَهُ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ﴾ [النساء: ١٣ - ١٤].

(١) «الحكم في» من الأصل. (٢) من هنا إلى آخر الفصل (ص ٢٢٦) من الأصل فقط. (٣) هذا الحديث روي من طريق جماعة من الصحابة، منها حديث أبي أمامة الباهلي ﵁ أخرجه أحمد (٢٢٢٩٤)، وأبو داود (٢٨٦٢)، والترمذي (٢١٢٠)، وابن ماجه (٢٧١٣)، والدارقطني: (٣/ ٤٠)، والبيهقي: (٦/ ٢١٢) وغيرهم. قال الترمذي: حديث حسن صحيح. (وفي التحفة والبدر: حسن فقط). قال ابن الملقن في «البدر المنير»: (٧/ ٢٦٤ - ٢٦٩): وهو كما قال؛ لأنه من رواية إسماعيل بن عياش عن شرحبيل بن مسلم، وهو حمصي من أهل الشام. وحَسَّنه الحافظ في «التلخيص»: (٣/ ١٠٦).