the Muslims that it (1) is equal in value for all, contrary to the practice of the people of the Age of Ignorance.
The principal cause of disputes driven by passion among people, in both nomadic and settled communities, is (2) transgression and the abandonment of justice. One of the two parties may cause the other (3) loss of life or property, or wrongfully gain the upper hand over it and fail to treat it fairly; the other party, in turn, does not limit itself to (4) exacting its rightful due.
Allah’s Book requires that judgment be rendered among (5) people—with respect to life, property, and all other matters—with the justice that Allah Most High has commanded, and that the judgment of the Age of Ignorance followed by many people be eradicated (6). If a peacemaker (7) reconciles them, he should do so justly, as Allah Most High says:
“If two groups of believers fight one another, make peace between them. If one of them transgresses against the other, then fight the transgressing group until it returns to Allah’s command. If it returns, make peace between them with justice and act equitably. Indeed, Allah loves those who act equitably. (9) The believers are but brothers, so make peace between your brothers and be mindful of Allah, so that you may receive mercy.” [al-Hujurāt 49:9–10].
A pardon should be sought from the slain person’s legal heirs, for granting it is better for them, as Allah Most High says: “Wounds are subject to equal retaliation; but whoever waives it charitably, it will be an expiation for him.” [al-Mā’idah 5:45].