Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyya - Ibn Taimiya - (الكتاب/200)

Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyyaIbn Taimiya

Section

As for the rights and prescribed penalties pertaining to a particular individual (1), these include matters of bloodshed (2). Allah Most High says:

“Say, ‘Come, and I shall recite what your Lord has forbidden you from doing: Do not associate anything with Him; show kindness to parents; do not kill your children because of poverty—We provide for you and for them; do not approach indecencies, whether open or hidden; and do not take a life that Allah has made sacred, except by right. This He has enjoined upon you so that you may understand. Do not approach the orphan’s property except in the best manner until he reaches maturity. Give full measure and weight with justice—we do not burden any soul beyond its capacity. When you speak, be just, even if it concerns a close relative; and fulfill Allah’s covenant. This He has enjoined upon you so that you may take heed. (152) And this is My straight path, so follow it. Do not follow other paths, for they will divert you from His path. This He has enjoined upon you so that you may attain piety.’” [Sūrat al-Anām: 151–153].

And He Most High says: “No believer may kill another believer except by mistake,” through to His words (3): “Whoever deliberately kills a believer, his recompense is Hell, where he will abide. Allah’s wrath is upon him, He has cursed him, and He has prepared for him a tremendous punishment.” [Sūrat al-Nisā: 92–93].

And He Most High says: “For that reason, We ordained for the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul

(1) This is the second category of prescribed penalties and rights; the first was discussed above (p. 83). (2) The other manuscripts read: “souls.” (3) The original reads: “through to His words, ‘and evil it is as a destination.’” This is the end of verse 97 and has no connection to the author’s discussion.

فصل وأما الحقوق والحدود التي لآدميٍّ معين (١): فمنها: الدماء (٢)، قال الله تعالى: ﴿قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ أَلَّا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ مِنْ إِمْلَاقٍ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُكُمْ وَإِيَّاهُمْ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ ذَلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُمْ بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَأَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ وَالْمِيزَانَ بِالْقِسْطِ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا وَإِذَا قُلْتُمْ فَاعْدِلُوا وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى وَبِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ أَوْفُوا ذَلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُمْ بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ (١٥٢) وَأَنَّ هَذَا صِرَاطِي مُسْتَقِيمًا فَاتَّبِعُوهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا السُّبُلَ فَتَفَرَّقَ بِكُمْ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ ذَلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُمْ بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٥١ - ١٥٣]. وقال تعالى: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً﴾ إلى قوله (٣): ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَعَنَهُ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُ عَذَابًا عَظِيمًا﴾ [النساء: ٩٢ - ٩٣]. وقال تعالى: ﴿مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ كَتَبْنَا عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا

(١) وهذا هو القسم الثاني من أقسام الحدود والحقوق، وتقدم الأول (ص ٨٣). (٢) بقية النسخ: «النفوس». (٣) في الأصل: «إلى قوله: (وساءت مصيرًا)» وهذه نهاية آية (٩٧) ولا علاقة لها بكلام المؤلف.