Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyya - Ibn Taimiya - (الكتاب/175)

Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyyaIbn Taimiya

one’s whims, and refraining from wanton exultation and arrogant ingratitude—for patience in prosperity is harder than patience in adversity (1). Allah, Exalted is He, says:

“If We give the human being a taste of mercy from Us and then withdraw it from him, he becomes utterly despairing and ungrateful. (9) But if We give him a taste of prosperity after adversity has touched him, he will surely say, ‘The ills have departed from me.’ He becomes exultant and boastful. (10) Except for those who are patient and perform righteous deeds—for them are forgiveness and a great reward.” [Hūd: 9 - 11]

He also said to His Prophet (2) (peace and blessings be upon him):

“Hold to forgiveness, enjoin what is right, and turn away from the ignorant.” [al-Aʿrāf: 199]

Allah Most High also says:

“Hasten toward forgiveness from your Lord and a Garden as vast as the heavens and the earth, prepared for the God-fearing: (133) those who spend in prosperity and adversity, restrain their anger, and pardon people—and Allah loves those who do good.” [Āl Imrān: 133 - 134]

Allah Most High also says:

“Good and evil are not equal. Repel evil with what is better, and the one between whom and you there was enmity will become as though he were a devoted friend. (34) Yet none are granted this except those who are patient, and none are granted it except one endowed with a tremendous share of goodness. (35) If an evil suggestion from Satan should incite you, seek refuge in Allah. He is indeed the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.” [Fussilat: 34 - 36]

Allah Most High also says:

“The recompense of an evil deed is an evil like it; but whoever pardons and makes reconciliation, his reward rests with Allah. Indeed, He does not love the wrongdoers.” [al-Shūrā: 40]

Al-Hasan al-Basrī said: “On the Day of Resurrection, a caller will call from the midst of the Throne: ‘Let those whose reward rests (3) with Allah arise!’ None will arise except those who pardoned and made reconciliation (4).”

(1) From the words “For patience…” to this point appears only in the base manuscript. (2) Found in all the other manuscripts. (3) (ف، ي، ل): “became due”; omitted from (ز، ب). (4) I have not found it narrated from al-Hasan in this wording. However, al-Bayhaqī narrated in al-Shuab (7050), and al-Khatīb in Tārīkh Baghdād (6:145), from al-Hasan, from Imrān ibn Husayn, that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “On the Day of Resurrection, a caller will call from the midst of the Throne: ‘Let the pardoning caliphs rise to receive the noblest reward!’ None will rise except those who pardoned.”

الهوى، وترك الأشَرِ والبَطَر، فإنَّ الصبرَ على السرَّاء أشد من الصبر على الضرَّاء (١)، كما قال ﷾: ﴿وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنَّا رَحْمَةً ثُمَّ نَزَعْنَاهَا مِنْهُ إِنَّهُ لَيَئُوسٌ كَفُورٌ (٩) وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَاهُ نَعْمَاءَ بَعْدَ ضَرَّاءَ مَسَّتْهُ لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ السَّيِّئَاتُ عَنِّي إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ (١٠) إِلَّا الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ﴾ [هود: ٩ - ١١]، وقال لنبيه (٢) ﷺ: ﴿خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجَاهِلِينَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٩٩]، وقال تعالى: ﴿وَسَارِعُوا إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ (١٣٣) الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ فِي السَّرَّاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٣٣ - ١٣٤]، وقال تعالى: ﴿وَلَا تَسْتَوِي الْحَسَنَةُ وَلَا السَّيِّئَةُ ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ فَإِذَا الَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ عَدَاوَةٌ كَأَنَّهُ وَلِيٌّ حَمِيمٌ (٣٤) وَمَا يُلَقَّاهَا إِلَّا الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا وَمَا يُلَقَّاهَا إِلَّا ذُو حَظٍّ عَظِيمٍ (٣٥) وَإِمَّا يَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ﴾ [فصلت: ٣٤ - ٣٦]، وقال تعالى: ﴿وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلُهَا فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [الشورى: ٤٠]. قال الحسن البصري: إذا كان يوم القيامة ينادي مناد من بطنان العرش، ألا ليقم من وقع (٣) أجره على الله، ولا يقوم إلا من عفا وأصلح (٤).

(١) من قوله: «فإن الصبر ... » إلى هنا من الأصل فقط. (٢) من سائر النسخ. (٣) (ف، ي، ل): «وجب»، وسقطت من (ز، ب). (٤) لم أجده بهذا اللفظ عن الحسن، لكن أخرج البيهقي في «الشعب» (٧٠٥٠)، والخطيب في «تاريخ بغداد»: (٦/ ١٤٥) عن الحسن، عن عمران بن حصين، أن رسول الله ﷺ قال: «إذا كان يوم القيامة نادى مناد من بطنان العرش: ألا ليقومن العافون من الخلفاء إلى أكرم الجزاء، فلا يقوم إلا من عفا».