Section
As for sins for which neither a prescribed punishment nor an expiation (1) has been stipulated—such as kissing a boy or a woman who is not one’s mahram, engaging in sexual contact without intercourse, consuming what is unlawful, such as blood or carrion, making slanderous accusations against people that do not involve illicit sexual intercourse, stealing (2) from a place where property is not secured, or (3) stealing something of little value, or betraying a trust, as when those entrusted with the funds of the public treasury, religious endowments, an orphan’s property, or the like betray that trust; likewise, when agents or partners act dishonestly; or committing fraud in one’s dealings, like those who cheat (4) with respect to food, clothing, and the like; or giving short measure (5) or weight; or bearing false witness; or coaching someone to give false testimony (6); or accepting a bribe when passing judgment; or ruling by other than what Allah—glorified and exalted is He—has revealed; or oppressing one’s subjects; or invoking the rallying cries of the Age of Ignorance, such as calling, “O Qays! O Yemen!” (7); or answering a rallying cry of the Age of Ignorance, among other kinds of forbidden acts—those who commit such offenses are given discretionary and exemplary punishment and disciplined to the extent the ruler deems appropriate, according to how widespread or rare the sin is among the people. If it is widespread, the punishment is increased, unlike when it is rare.