Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyya - Ibn Taimiya - (الكتاب/143)

Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyyaIbn Taimiya

If, however, the smell of wine is detected on him, or he is seen vomiting it, or the like, it has been said that the prescribed punishment should not be imposed upon him, since he may have drunk something that was not wine, or may have drunk it without knowing what it was, under compulsion, or in some similar circumstance. It has also been said that he should indeed be flogged (1) if he knew it was intoxicating. This is the view reported (2) from the Rightly Guided Caliphs and other Companions, including Uthmān, Alī, and Ibn Masūd—may Allah be pleased with them. The sunnah of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—also indicates this. It is the ruling by which people’s affairs can be set right, and it is the school of Mālik and Ahmad according to the greater part of what is explicitly reported from both of them (3), as well as of others (4).

Hashish made from hemp leaves (5) is forbidden. Its user is flogged (6), just as a wine drinker is flogged. In one respect, it is worse than wine, for it corrupts the mind and temperament until it induces effeminacy in a man and strips him of protective jealousy, in addition to causing other harms (7). Wine is worse in another respect, for it leads to quarrelling and fighting. Both turn people away from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer.

Some later jurists withheld judgment concerning its prescribed punishment, holding that one who consumes it should be given a discretionary punishment that is

(1) (Y) reads: “the prescribed punishment is imposed on him.” (2) (L) may be read: “the well-known view.” (F) reads: “it is the transmitted view.” (3) The other manuscripts read: “his explicit statements.” (4) See al-Mughnī (12/501–502) and al-Dhakhīra (12/203–204) by al-Qarāfī. (5) (Y, Z, Zh, T, L) read: “grapes.” The adopted reading follows the original manuscript and (B). The word *qinnab*, also pronounced *qunnab*, means hemp: a coarse type of flax from which ropes and similar items are made. Al-Misbāh (p. 197) states: “The bast of hemp is taken and twisted into ropes. It also has a kernel called *shahdānaj*.” See al-Lisān (1/691). (6) (Zh, B) read: “one who eats it.” (7) The other manuscripts read: “corruption.”

فإن وُجِدت منه رائحة الخمر، أو رُئي وهو يتقيَّؤها ونحو ذلك؛ فقد قيل: لا يقام عليه الحد؛ لاحتمال أنه شرب ما ليس بخمرٍ، أو شربها جاهلًا بها أو مكرهًا ونحو ذلك. وقيل: بل يُجلد (١) إذا عَرَف أن ذلك مسكر. وهذا المأثور (٢) عن الخلفاء الراشدين وغيرهم من الصحابة، كعثمان وعلي وابن مسعود ﵃، وعليه تدل سنة رسول الله ﷺ، وهو الذي يصلح عليه الناس، وهو مذهب مالك وأحمد في غالب نصيهما (٣) وغيرهما (٤). والحشيشة المصنوعة من ورق القِنَّب (٥) حرام، يُجلَد صاحبُها (٦) كما يُجلَد شارب الخمر، وهي أخبث من الخمر من جهة أنها تفسد العقل والمزاج، حتى يصير في الرجل تخَنُّث ودِياثة وغير ذلك من المفاسد (٧). والخمر أخبث من جهة أنها تفضي إلى المخاصمة والمقاتلة، وكلاهما تصد عن ذكر الله وعن الصلاة. وقد توقف بعض الفقهاء المتأخرين في حدِّها، ورأى أنَّ آكلها يعزَّر بما

(١) (ي): «يحد». (٢) (ل): تحتمل: «المشهور». (ف): «هو المأثور». (٣) بقية النسخ: «نصوصه». (٤) انظر «المغني»: (١٢/ ٥٠١ - ٥٠٢)، و «الذخيرة»: (١٢/ ٢٠٣ - ٢٠٤) للقرافي. (٥) (ي، ز، ظ، ط، ل): «العنب». والمثبت من الأصل و (ب). والقِنَّب: بكسر القاف وضمها فالتشديد مع الفتح: ضَرْبٌ من الكَتّان وهو الغليظ الذي تُتَّخَذُ منه الحِبَالُ وما أشبهَها. وفي «المصباح» (ص ١٩٧): «القنّب: يُؤخذ لِحاه ثمَّ يُفْتَلُ حِبالًا وله لُب يُسَمَّى الشَّهدانِج. وانظر «اللسان»: (١/ ٦٩١). (٦) (ظ، ب): «آكلها». (٧) بقية النسخ: «الفساد».