Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyya - Ibn Taimiya - (الكتاب/108)

Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyyaIbn Taimiya

that it (1) was revealed when the polytheists mutilated Hamza and other martyrs of Uhud. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said, “If Allah grants me victory over them, I shall mutilate twice as many of them as the number of our men they mutilated.” (2) Allah then revealed this verse—even though it had [previously] (3) been revealed in Mecca, as with His words: “a more rightly guided way. (84) They ask you about the spirit. Say, ‘The spirit is from…’” [al-Isrā: 85], and His words: “Establish prayer at both ends of the day and in the early hours of the night. Indeed, good deeds wipe away evil deeds.” [Hūd: 114] The same applies to other verses that were revealed in Mecca, after which an occasion arose in Medina requiring that they be addressed, and so they were sent down a second time (4)—whereupon the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said, “Rather, we shall be patient.”

In Sahīh Muslim (5), Burayda ibn al-Husayb reported that whenever the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—appointed a commander over an expeditionary detachment or an army, he would personally counsel him to fear Allah Most High and to treat the Muslims accompanying him well. He would then say, “Fight in the name of Allah and in Allah’s cause. Fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Do not misappropriate the spoils, act treacherously, mutilate, or kill any child.”

The leading scholars may disagree over certain methods of killing, such as burning with fire when the gravity of

(1) The words “It is said that it” do not appear in manuscripts (F, Y, Z, Z, B). (2) Recorded by al-Hākim (3/197), al-Tabarānī in *al-Kabīr* (2937), Ibn Adī in *al-Kāmil* (4/63), and others, on the authority of Abū Hurayra: When the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—saw that Hamza had been mutilated, he said, “By Allah, I shall mutilate seventy of them …” and the verse was revealed. I could not find the wording “twice as many.” Its chain of transmission includes Sālih al-Murrī, who is weak. Al-Hāfiz said in *Fath al-Bārī* (7/371): “Its chain contains weakness.” Al-Haythamī also deemed it weak in *al-Majma* (6/119). It has corroborating reports from Ibn Abbās and Ubayy ibn Kab. (3) Supplied from manuscripts (Y, Z). (4) The passage from “even though it had been revealed …” to this point does not appear in manuscripts (F, Z, B, L). (5) *Sahīh Muslim* (1731).

إنها (١) نزلت لما مَثَّل المشركون بحمزة وغيره من شهداء أحد، فقال النبي ﷺ: «لئن أظفرني الله بهم لأمثلنّ بضعفي ما مَثّلوا بنا» (٢) فأنزل الله هذه الآية ــ وإن كانت قد نزلت [قبل ذلك] (٣) بمكة، مثل قوله: ﴿سَبِيلًا (٨٤) وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الرُّوحِ قُلِ الرُّوحُ مِنْ﴾ [الإسراء: ٨٥]، وقوله: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ﴾ [هود: ١١٤]، وغير ذلك من الآيات التي نزلت بمكة، ثم جرى بالمدينة سببٌ يقتضي الخطاب فأُنْزِلت مرة ثانية (٤) ــ فقال النبي ﷺ: «بل نصبر». وفي «صحيح مسلم» (٥) عن بريدة بن الحصيب قال: كان رسول الله ﷺ إذا بعث أميرًا على سريَّة أو جيش أوصاه في خاصة نفسه بتقوى الله تعالى وبمن معه من المسلمين خيرًا، ثم يقول: «اغزوا بسم الله، وفي سبيل الله، قاتلوا من كفر بالله، لا تغلوا ولا تغدروا ولا تُمَثِّلوا، ولا تقتلوا وليدًا». وقد يتنازع الأئمة في بعض أنواع القتل، كالتحريق بالنار عند شدة

(١) «قيل إنها» ليست في (ف، ي، ز، ظ، ب). (٢) أخرجه الحاكم: (٣/ ١٩٧)، والطبراني في «الكبير» (٢٩٣٧)، وابن عدي في «الكامل»: (٤/ ٦٣) وغيرهم من حديث أبي هريرة أن رسول الله ﷺ قال لما رأى حمزة قد مُثّل به: (أما والله لأمثلن بسبعين منهم ... ونزلت الآية ... )، ولفظ «بضعفي» لم أجده. والحديث في سنده صالح المري وهو ضعيف، قال الحافظ في «الفتح»: (٧/ ٣٧١): إسناده فيه ضعف. وضعفه الهيثمي في «المجمع»: (٦/ ١١٩). وله شواهد من حديث ابن عباس وأُبي بن كعب. (٣) من (ي، ز). (٤) من قوله: (وإن كانت قد نزلت ... ) إلى هنا ليس في (ف، ظ، ب، ل). (٥) (١٧٣١).