Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyyaIbn Taimiya

It is not permissible (1) to take any money (2) from a person guilty of illicit sexual intercourse, a thief, a highway robber, or anyone similar in exchange for waiving the prescribed punishment—whether for the public treasury or for anyone else. Money taken to waive a prescribed punishment is foul, unlawful gain. If one in authority does this, he combines two grave evils:

The first is waiving the prescribed punishment, and the second is consuming unlawful gain. He thereby abandons an obligation and commits a forbidden act. Allah Most High says, “Why do the rabbis and religious scholars not forbid them from saying what is sinful and devouring unlawful gain? How wretched is what they have been doing!” [al-Māʾida: 63]. He also says concerning the Jews, “They are avid listeners to falsehood and devourers of unlawful gain” [al-Māʾida: 42]. This was because they consumed unlawful gain through bribery, known as al-birtīl (3), though it is sometimes called a “gift” or given other names. Whenever one in authority consumes unlawful gain, he will have to listen to lies, including false testimony and the like. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) cursed the briber, the bribe-taker, and the intermediary—the person who goes between them. This was narrated by the compilers of the Sunan collections (4).

It is related in the two Sahih collections (5) that two men brought their dispute before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and one of them said:

(1) The remaining manuscripts read: “It is not permissible.” (2) (ظ) reads “anything.” In (ف), “or one who drinks intoxicants” is added after “the thief.” (3) The author will explain the meaning of *al-birtīl* (p. 91). (4) Narrated from ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAmr—may Allah be pleased with them both—by Ahmad (6532), Abū Dāwūd (3580), al-Tirmidhī (1337), Ibn Mājah (2313), Ibn Hibbān in *al-Ihsān* (5076), and al-Hākim (4/102–103). Al-Tirmidhī graded it *hasan sahih*, al-Hākim declared its chain of transmission authentic, and al-Hāfiz deemed it strong in *al-Fath* (5/221). It is also corroborated by reports from several Companions, including Abū Hurayra, ʿAbd al-Rahmān ibn ʿAwf, Thawbān, and others—may Allah be pleased with them all. (5) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (2314) and Muslim (1698, 1697) from Abū Hurayra and Zayd ibn Khālid—may Allah be pleased with them both.
ولا ينبغي (١) أن يؤخذَ من الزاني أو السارق أو قاطع الطريق ونحوهم مالٌ (٢) يُعَطَّل به الحدُّ، لا لبيت المال ولا لغيره، وهذا المال المأخوذ لتعطيل الحد سُحتٌ خبيث، وإذا فعل وليُّ الأمر ذلك فقد جمع فسادين عظيمين. أحدهما: تعطيل الحد، والثاني: أكل السحت. فتَرَك الواجبَ وفَعَل المحرَّم، قال الله تعالى: ﴿لَوْلَا يَنْهَاهُمُ الرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالْأَحْبَارُ عَنْ قَوْلِهِمُ الْإِثْمَ وَأَكْلِهِمُ السُّحْتَ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٦٣]، وقال تعالى عن اليهود: ﴿سَمَّاعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ أَكَّالُونَ لِلسُّحْتِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٢]؛ لأنهم كانوا يأكلون السحت من الرشوة التي تسمى: البِرْطِيل (٣)، وتسمَّى أحيانًا: الهدية وغيرها، ومتى أكل وليُّ الأمر السُّحْت احتاج أن يسمع الكذب من الشهادة الزور وغيرها، وقد لعن رسول الله ﷺ الراشي والمرتشي والرائش، وهو الواسطة الذي يمشي بينهما. رواه أهل السنن (٤). وفي «الصحيحين» (٥): أن رجلين اختصما إلى النبي ﷺ فقال أحدهما:
(١) بقية النسخ: «ولا يجوز». (٢) (ظ): «ما». وفي (ف) زيادة «أو الشارب» بعد السارق. (٣) سيذكر المؤلف معناها (ص ٩١). (٤) أخرجه أحمد (٦٥٣٢)، وأبو داود (٣٥٨٠)، والترمذي (١٣٣٧)، وابن ماجه (٢٣١٣)، وابن حبان «الإحسان» (٥٠٧٦)، والحاكم: (٤/ ١٠٢ - ١٠٣) من حديث عبد الله بن عمرو ﵄، قال الترمذي: حسن صحيح، وصحَّح الحاكمُ إسناده، وقواه الحافظ في «الفتح»: (٥/ ٢٢١). وله شاهد من حديث جماعة من الصحابة منهم أبو هريرة، وعبد الرحمن بن عوف، وثوبان، وغيرهم ﵃. (٥) البخاري (٢٣١٤)، ومسلم (١٦٩٨، ١٦٩٧) من حديث أبي هريرة وزيد بن خالد ﵄.

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