for people—even when they themselves hold positions of authority—in proportion to what is needed to put affairs in order, uphold (1) religion, and sustain the worldly life upon which religion depends. They also exercise personal restraint, taking nothing to which they are not entitled. They thus combine piety with benevolence: “(127) Indeed, Allah is with those who fear Him and those who do good” [al-Nahl 16:128].
Religious governance cannot be complete without this, nor can religion and worldly life be set right by any other way. Such a person feeds people what they need to be fed (2), while he himself eats only what is lawful and wholesome. Moreover, less expenditure suffices for him than is required by those in the first group. People covet from one who takes for himself what they do not covet from one who exercises restraint. Through him, people’s religious affairs are set right in a way they cannot be through the second group, for restraint when one has the power to take strengthens the sanctity of religion.
In the two Sahih collections (3), Abu Sufyan ibn Harb relates that Heraclius, emperor of the Romans, asked him about the Prophet—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him—“What does he command you to do?” He replied, “He commands us to pray, give charity, remain chaste, and maintain family ties.”
A transmitted report states that Allah revealed to His messenger Abraham, the Friend—may Allah bless our Prophet, him, and all the prophets and messengers—“O Abraham, do you know why I took you as an intimate friend? Because I saw that giving was dearer to you than receiving” (4).