Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyyaIbn Taimiya

the one-fifth had been set aside (1).

Regarding this additional award, some scholars have said that it is to be taken from the one-fifth, while others have said that it is to be taken from one-fifth of the one-fifth, so that some of those sharing in the spoils are not favored over others. The correct view, however, is that it may be taken from the remaining four-fifths (2), even though this entails favoring some over others for a religious interest rather than personal whim, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, did on more than one occasion. This is the view of the jurists of Syria (3), Abū Hanīfa, Ahmad, and others (4).

On this basis, it has been said that the ruler may award an additional quarter or third, whether or not this was stipulated beforehand, but that any amount beyond this may be awarded only if stipulated—for example, by saying, “Whoever directs me to a fortress shall receive such-and-such, and whoever brings me a head shall receive such-and-such,” and the like. It has also been said that he may not award more than a third, nor may he award it

(1) Recorded by Ahmad (17465), Abū Dāwūd (2749), Ibn Hibbān in *al-Ihsān* (4835), al-Hākim (2/133), al-Bayhaqī (6/314), and others, from Habīb ibn Maslama, may Allah be pleased with him. Ibn Hibbān and al-Hākim graded it authentic. It was also recorded by al-Tirmidhī (1561), Ibn Mājah (2852), and Ibn Hibbān (4855), from Ubāda ibn al-Sāmit, may Allah be pleased with him. Al-Tirmidhī said, “This is a sound hadith.” Ibn Hibbān and Ibn al-Mulaqqin, in *al-Badr al-Munīr* (7/331), graded it authentic. (2) The base text reads: “the four-fifths.” (3) Y and Z read: “the jurists of the frontier.” This refers to the jurists of Syria, since many frontier outposts were located there. See *Majmū al-Fatāwā* (13/178; 27/51–53, 249). (4) See *al-Mughnī* (13/60–61).
الخمس (١). وهذا النفل قد قال بعض العلماء: إنه يكون من الخمس، وقال بعضهم: إنه يكون من خُمُس الخمس، لئلا يُفَضَّل بعضُ الغانمين على بعض، والصحيح أنه يجوز من أربعة الأخماس (٢) وإن كان فيه تفضيل بعضهم على بعض لمصلحة دينية لا هوى النفس، كما فعل النبي ﷺ غير مرة. وهذا قول فقهاء الشام (٣)، وأبي حنيفة، وأحمد وغيرهم (٤). وعلى هذا فقد قيل: إنه يُنَفِّل الربع والثلث بشرط وغير شرط، ويُنَفِّل الزيادة على ذلك بالشرط، مثل أن يقول: من دلني على قلعة فله كذا، ومن جاء برأس فله كذا، ونحو ذلك. وقيل: لا يُنَفِّل زيادةً على الثلث، ولا ينفِّلُه
(١) أخرجه أحمد (١٧٤٦٥)، وأبو داود (٢٧٤٩)، وابن حبان «الإحسان» (٤٨٣٥)، والحاكم: (٢/ ١٣٣)، والبيهقي: (٦/ ٣١٤) وغيرهم من حديث حبيب بن مسلمة ﵁. وقد صححه ابن حبان والحاكم. وأخرجه الترمذي (١٥٦١)، وابن ماجه (٢٨٥٢)، وابن حبان (٤٨٥٥) من حديث عُبادة بن الصامت ﵁. قال الترمذي: حديث حسن، وصححه ابن حبان، وابن الملقن في «البدر المنير»: (٧/ ٣٣١). (٢) الأصل: «الأربعة أخماس». (٣) (ي، ز): «فقهاء الثغر». وهم فقهاء الشام، لأن كثيرًا من الثغور كانت هناك. انظر «مجموع الفتاوى»: (١٣/ ١٧٨) و (٢٧/ ٥١ - ٥٣، ٢٤٩). (٤) انظر «المغني»: (١٣/ ٦٠ - ٦١).

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