the Sacred House.
A nobleman and chieftain of Yemen named Dhū Nafar then went out against Abraha. He summoned his own people—and everyone among the Arabs who would answer his call—to wage war on Abraha and defend the Sacred House of God (1) from the destruction and ruin the Abyssinian intended. Some did rally to him, and he confronted Abraha in battle; but Dhū Nafar and his men were routed, and Dhū Nafar himself was captured and brought before the king.
When Abraha was about to have him executed, Dhū Nafar said, “O King, do not kill me. Perhaps keeping me alive will prove more useful to you than killing me.” Abraha—being a forbearing man—spared his life, but kept him in chains.
Abraha then pressed on toward his goal. When he reached the territory of Khatʿam, he was opposed by Nufayl ibn Ḥabīb al-Khatʿamī, leading the two Khatʿam clans, Shahrān and Nāhis, along with other Arab tribes. Abraha defeated them as well; Nufayl was taken prisoner and brought before him.
Just as Abraha was about to put him to death, Nufayl pleaded, “O King (2), do not kill me. I can guide you through the land of the Arabs, and I pledge—on behalf of the two Khatʿam clans, Shahrān and Nāhis—our obedience to you.” Abraha released him and kept him as a guide.
When they passed by al-Ṭāʾif, Masʿūd ibn Muʿattib ibn Mālik ibn Kaʿb ibn ʿAmr ibn Saʿd ibn ʿAwf of Thaqīf came out with a band of his tribesmen. They said to Abraha, “O King, we are your servants—listening and obedient. You will meet with no resistance from us (3). Moreover, the house we venerate—al-Lāt—is not the one you seek; you are heading for the House in Mecca. We will send someone to show you the way.” Abraha accepted their offer and moved on.
Ibn Isḥāq comments: Al-Lāt was a shrine of theirs in al-Ṭāʾif, which they honored almost as highly as the Kaʿbah. They therefore dispatched Abū Righāl to guide Abraha on the road to Mecca. Abraha set out with Abū Righāl until he encamped at al-Mughammis (4). There Abū Righāl died, and the Arabs stoned his grave; it is the grave that people still pelt with stones at al-Mughammis.
We have already mentioned in the story of Thamūd that an earlier Abū Righāl—one of their men—had sought sanctuary in the Sacred Precinct. When he left its bounds, a stone struck and killed him, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) told his Companions: “The sign of this is that two branches of gold were buried with him” (5). They dug and found the two branches.
Ibn Isḥāq adds: That Abū Righāl was the forefather of the Thaqīf tribe.
I (the author) say: Reconciling this with Ibn Isḥāq’s account, it appears that the later Abū Righāl simply bore the same name as his distant ancestor, and people stoned his grave just as they had stoned the first one—Allah knows best. Jarīr has said (6):
If al-Farazdaq should die, then stone him
As you stone the grave of Abū Righāl.
The verse, it seems, refers to the second Abū Righāl.