Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Section: Affirming the Real, Created Existence of Paradise and Hellfire, in Refutation of those who deny it.

Allah, the Exalted, says:
“Race toward forgiveness from your Lord and a Garden whose breadth is that of the heavens and the earth, prepared for the God-fearing—those who spend in prosperity and adversity, who restrain their anger and pardon people; and Allah loves those who excel.” (Āl ʿImrān 133-134)

He also says:
“Compete for forgiveness from your Lord and a Garden whose width is like that of the heaven and the earth, prepared for those who have believed in Allah and His messengers. Such is the bounty of Allah; He grants it to whom He wills, and Allah is the possessor of tremendous bounty.” (Al-Ḥadīd 21)

And He says:
“Guard yourselves against the Fire that has been prepared for the disbelievers.” (Āl ʿImrān 131)

Concerning the House of Pharaoh, He says:
“The Fire—to which they are exposed morning and evening; and on the Day the Hour is established it will be said, ‘Admit the House of Pharaoh into the most severe punishment.’” (Ghāfir 17)

He further says:
“No soul knows what comfort of eyes is kept hidden for them, as recompense for what they used to do.” (Al-Ḥadīd 17)

In the Two Ṣaḥīḥs it is related from Abū Hurayrah—may Allah be pleased with him—that the Prophet ﷺ said:
“Allah, Most High, says: ‘I have prepared for My righteous servants that which no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard, and has never occurred to a human heart, as a stored treasure1—indeed, in addition to everything of which I have already informed you.’” He then recited: “No soul knows what comfort of eyes is kept hidden for them, as recompense for what they used to do.” (Al-Ḥadīd 17)2

Again in the Two Ṣaḥīḥs, on the authority of Mālik, from Nāfiʿ, from Ibn ʿUmar, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
“When any one of you dies, his seat is shown to him morning and evening. If he is among the people of Paradise, then he is of the people of Paradise; and if he is among the people of the Fire, then he is of the people of the Fire. It is said to him, ‘This is your seat until Allah resurrects you to it on the Day of Resurrection.’”3

In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, from Ibn Masʿūd—may Allah be pleased with him:
“The souls of the martyrs are in the crops of green birds; they roam freely in Paradise wherever they wish, then take refuge in lamps suspended from the Throne…”—the ḥadith.4

And in the Musnad of Imām Aḥmad we have narrated: Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī related to us, from Mālik, from al-Zuhrī, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Kaʿb ibn Mālik, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
“The spirit of the believer is only a bird that feeds upon the trees of Paradise until Allah—Exalted is He—returns it to its body on the day He resurrects him.”5

(1) In al-Fath, al-Hafiz notes that “dukḥran” (with a damma on the silent dāl and a sukun on the doubled letter) means “set aside for them.” (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari (no. 4780) and Muslim (no. 2824). (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari (no. 1379) and Muslim (no. 2866). (4) Narrated by Muslim (no. 1887). (5) Narrated by Ahmad in his Musnad (vol. 3, p. 455) and by Malik in al-Muwattaʾ (vol. 1, p. 240); its isnad is sahih (authentic).
فصل في بيان وجود الجنَّة والنَّار وأنهما مخلوقتان موجودتان، خلافًا لمن زعم خلاف ذلك قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَسَارِعُوا إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ (١٣٣) الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ فِي السَّرَّاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾ [آل: عمران ١٣٣ - ١٣٤] . وقال تعالى: ﴿سَابِقُوا إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا كَعَرْضِ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ أُعِدَّتْ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ ذَلِكَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ﴾ [الحديد: ٢١] . وقال تعالى: ﴿وَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٣١] . وقال تعالى في حقِّ آل فِرْعَونَ: ﴿النَّارُ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَيْهَا غُدُوًّا وَعَشِيًّا وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ أَدْخِلُوا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ أَشَدَّ الْعَذَابِ﴾ [غافر: ١٧] . وقال تعالى ﴿فَلَا تَعْلَمُ نَفْسٌ مَا أُخْفِيَ لَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَّةِ أَعْيُنٍ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ [الحديد: ١٧] . وفي "الصحيحين" عن أبي هريرةَ، عن النبيِّ ﷺ أنّهُ قال: "يقول الله تعالى: أعددت لعبادي الصالحين ما لا عينٌ رأت، ولا أذنٌ سمعت، ولا خطر على قلب بشر، دُخْرًا (١) بَلْهَ كل ما أطلعكم عليهِ" ثمَّ قرأ: ﴿فَلَا تَعْلَمُ نَفْسٌ مَا أُخْفِيَ لَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَّةِ أَعْيُنٍ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ [الحديد: ١٧] (٢) . وفي "الصَّحيحين" منْ حديثِ مالكٍ، عن نافعٍ، عن ابن عُمَر: أنَّ رسولَ الله ﷺ قال: "إنَّ أحَدَكم إذا مات عُرضَ عليهِ مَقْعدُهُ بالغَدَاةِ والعَشِيِّ، إن كانَ منْ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ فمِنْ أهلِ الجنَّةِ، وإنْ كانَ منْ أهلِ النار فمنْ أهلِ النّار، يُقالُ: هذا مَقْعدُك حتّى يَبْعَثَك اللهُ إليهِ يومَ القيامةِ" (٣) . وفي "صحيح مُسْلِمٍ" عن ابنِ مَسْعُودٍ: "أرْوَاحُ الشُّهداء في حَوَاصلِ طير خُضر تَسْرَحُ في الجنَّةِ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ، ثمَّ تأوِي إلى قَنَاديلَ مُعلَّقة في العرشِ .... " الحديث (٤) . وَرَوَيْنا في "مُسندِ الإمام أحمدَ" : حدّثنا محمد بنُ إدْريسَ الشّافعيُّ، عن مالكٍ، عن الزُّهْري، عن عبدِ الرَّحمن بنِ كعْبِ بن مالكٍ، عن أبيه: أنَّ رسولَ الله ﷺ قال: "إنّما نَسَمةُ المؤمِن طائرٌ يعْلَقُ في شَجَرِ الجنّةِ حتى يَرْجِعَه الله (تعالى) إلى جسدِهِ يومَ يبعثُهُ" (٥) .
(١) قال الحافظ في "الفتح" (دُخْرًا) بضم الدال المهملة وسكون المعجمة، أي جعلت ذلك لهم مدخورًا. (٢) رواه البخاري (٤٧٨٠) ومسلم (٢٨٢٤). (٣) رواه البخاري (١٣٧٩) ومسلم (٢٨٦٦). (٤) رواه مسلم (١٨٨٧). (٥) رواه أحمد في المسند (٣/ ٤٥٥) ومالك في "الموطإ" (١/ ٢٤٠) وإسناده صحيح.

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