Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Al-Tirmidhī likewise related the ḥadīth through the transmission of Ibn al-Mubārak, from Yaḥyā ibn Abī Kathīr; he declared it ḥasan and did not mention the three who belong to the people of Hell. (1)

It is authentically established in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim—on the authority of ʿIyāḍ ibn Ḥimār al-Mujāshiʿī (2)—that the Prophet ﷺ said:

“The people of Paradise are three: a ruler who is just, charitable, and granted success; a man whose heart is merciful toward every relative and every Muslim; and a chaste, self-restraining man who has dependents.
The people of the Fire are five: the weakling who has no zabr (strength or resolve)—they are those among you who simply follow others, seeking neither family nor wealth; (3) the treacherous one whose craving is never hidden—whenever he covets even the slightest thing he betrays it; a man who never greets the morning or ends the evening without scheming to deceive you with regard to your family and your property; he (ﷺ) also mentioned miserliness and lying; and the coarse, foul-mouthed shinẓīr.” (4)

The previously cited ḥadīths likewise state that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “I looked into Paradise and saw that most of its inhabitants were the poor, and I looked into the Fire and saw that most of its inhabitants were women and the wealthy.” (5)

Also mentioned earlier is the narration transmitted through Ḥabīb ibn Abī Thābit, from Saʿīd, from Ibn ʿAbbās, raised to the Prophet: “The first to be summoned to Paradise on the Day of Resurrection will be the ḥammādūn—those who praise Allah in prosperity and in adversity.” (6)

Both Ṣaḥīḥs record—through Sufyān al-Thawrī and Shuʿbah, from Maʿbad ibn Khālid, from Ḥārithah ibn Wahb—that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Shall I inform you about the people of Paradise? They are every weak, downtrodden person who, were he to swear by Allah, Allah would surely fulfil his oath. Shall I inform you about the people of the Fire? They are every harsh, bloated, arrogant individual.” (7)

Aḥmad said: ʿAlī ibn Isḥāq narrated to us—ʿAbdullāh informed us—Mūsā ibn ʿUlayy ibn Rabāḥ informed us: I heard my father relate from ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAmr that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “The inmates of Hell are all jaʿẓarī jawwāẓ—coarse, puffed-up, arrogant hoarders who withhold (from others); whereas the inmates of Paradise are the weak who are overpowered.” (8) (9)

Al-Ṭabarānī said: ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz narrated to us; Muslim ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to us; Abū Hilāl al-Rāsibī narrated to us

(1) Narrated by Ahmad in al-Musnad (vol. 2, p. 425), by Ibn Abi Shaybah in al-Musannaf (vol. 14, no. 17818), and by al-Tirmidhi via ‘Ali ibn al-Mubarak (no. 1642). Its chain of transmission is weak. (2) In manuscript reading A it appears as “Hammad,” which is incorrect. (3) That is, he lacks the intellect to deter him from pursuing what is unbecoming. (4) Narrated by Muslim (no. 2865 [63]). Al-shanzir means “the ill-natured one.” (5) Narrated by Ahmad in al-Musnad (vol. 2, p. 173). Its chain of transmission is weak, though it is supported by other routes and corroborations. The phrase “the rich,” however, is not attested from a number of Companions and is considered a spurious addition. (6) Narrated by al-Tabarani in al-Kabir (no. 12345), al-Awsat (no. 3057), and al-Saghir (no. 288). Its chain of transmission is weak. (7) Narrated by al-Bukhari (nos. 4918, 6657) and Muslim (no. 2853). (8) According to al-Ja‘dhari, al-qaṭ al-ghalīẓ (“the thickset cat”) and al-jawāẓ (“diverse herds”). (9) Narrated by Ahmad in al-Musnad (vol. 2, p. 214). It is an authentic hadith.
ورواهُ التِّرْمذيُّ من طريقِ ابن المُبارَكِ، عن يَحْيَى بنِ أبي كثِيرٍ، وقال: حَسَن، ولم يَذكُرِ الثلاثةَ الذين منْ أهْلِ النّارِ (١) . وثبت في "صحيحِ مُسْلِم" ، من حديث عِيَاضِ بن حِمَارٍ (٢) المُجَاشعيِّ، عن النّبيِّ ﷺ ، قال: "أهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ ثلاثةٌ: ذُو سُلْطَانٍ مُقْسِطٌ مُتَصَدِّقٌ مُوَفّقٌ، وَرَجُلٌ رَحيمُ القَلْبِ بكُلِّ ذي قُرْبَى ومُسْلِمٍ، وعَفيفٌ مُتَعَفِّفٌ ذُو عِيَالٍ. وأهلُ النار خمسةٌ: الضّعيفُ الّذي لا زَبْرَ (٣) له، الَّذين هُمْ فيكمْ تَبَعًا، لا يَبْغُونَ أهْلًا ولا مالًا، وَالْخائنُ الّذي لا يَخْفَى لهُ طَمَعٌ وإنْ دَقَّ إلّا خانَهُ، ورَجلٌ لا يُصْبحُ ولا يُمْسي إلّا وهُوَ يُخادِعُكَ عنْ أهْلِكَ ومَالِكَ، وذَكرَ البُخْلَ والكَذِبَ. والشِّنْظيرُ الفَحَّاشُ" (٤) . وتقدَّمتِ الأحاديثُ عن رسولِ الله ﷺ أنّهُ قال: "اطَّلَعْتُ في الْجنَّةِ فَرَأَيْتُ اْكْثرَ أهْلِها الفُقَراءَ، وَاطلَعْتُ في النّار فَرَأَيْتُ أكْثرَ أهْلِهَا النِّسَاءَ وَالأغْنياءَ" (٥) . وتقدَّمَ الحديثُ الواردُ منْ طريقِ حبيب بن أبي ثابتٍ، عن سعيدٍ، عن ابن عبَّاسٍ مرفوعًا: [أوَّلُ منْ يُدْعَى إلى الجنة يَوْمَ القِيَامةِ الْحَمَّادُونَ الَّذينَ يَحْمدُونَ اللهَ في السَّرَّاء وَالضّراءِ " (٦) . وثبت في "الصَّحيحين " منْ حديثِ سُفيانَ الثّوْريّ، وشُعْبَةَ، عن مَعْبَدِ بن خالدٍ، عن حارثةَ بن وَهْبٍ، عن النّبيِّ ﷺ أنّهُ قال: " ألا أُخْبِرُكم بأهلِ الجنّةِ؟ كلُّ ضَعيف مُتَضَعَّف لوْ أقْسَمَ على اللهِ لأبَرَّه، ألا أُخْبِرُكم بأهلِ النّارِ؟ كلُّ عُتُلِّ جَوَّاظٍ مستكبر " (٧) . وقال أحمدُ: حدّثنا عليُّ بن إسْحاقَ، أخبرنا عبدُ اللهِ، أخبرنا مُوسى بن عُلَيّ بن رَباحِ، سَمِعْتُ أبي يُحدِّثُ، عن عبدِ اللهِ بن عَمْرٍو، عن رَسُولِ الله ﷺ قال: "أهْلُ النّارِ كلُّ جَعْظَريٍّ جَوَّاظٍ (٨) مُسْتكْبرٍ جَمَّاعٍ منّاعٍ، وأهْلُ الجنّةِ الضُّعَفاءُ المَغْلُوبونَ" (٩) . وقال الطَّبرانيُّ: حدّثنا عليُّ بنُ عبدِ العزيزِ، حدّثنا مُسْلِمُ بن إبراهيمَ، حدّثنا أبو هلالٍ الرَّاسبيُّ،
(١) رواه أحمد في المسند (٢/ ٤٢٥) وابن أبي شيبة في "مصنفه" (١٤/ ١٧٨١٨) والترمذي من طريق علي بن المبارك، به رقم (١٦٤٢) وإسناده ضعيف. (٢) في (آ): حماد، وهو خطأ. (٣) أي لا عقل له ينهاه عن الإقدام على ما لا ينبغي. (٤) رواه مسلم رقم (٢٨٦٥) (٦٣) والشنظير: السيئ الخلق. (٥) رواه أحمد في المسند (٢/ ١٧٣) وإسناده ضعيف، ولكن له طرق وشواهد يقوى بها، دون قوله: "الأغنياء" فقد ثبت عن جمع من الصحابة دون هذه الزيادة، وهو منكر بهذه الزيادة. (٦) رواه الطبراني في "الكبير" رقم (١٢٣٤٥) وفي "الأوسط" رقم (٣٠٥٧) وفي "الصغير" رقم (٢٨٨) وإسناده ضعيف. (٧) رواه البخاري (٤٩١٨) و (٦٦٥٧) ومسلم (٢٨٥٣). (٨) الجعظري: القط الغليظ، والجواظ: الجموع المنوع. (٩) رواه أحمد في المسند (٢/ ٢١٤) وهو حديث صحيح.

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