Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

A discussion on the light of Paradise, its magnificence, the pleasantness of its atmosphere, and the beauty of its vista at morning and evening.

Allah the Exalted says:
“And when you look there, you will see bliss and a vast kingdom.” (Surah al-Insan 76:20)
He, Majestic is He, also says:
“Everlasting therein—what an excellent place of settlement and abode.” (Surah al-Furqan 25:76)
And He says:
“Indeed, you will not go hungry therein nor be unclothed, and you will not thirst therein nor suffer the sun’s heat.” (Surah Ta Ha 20:118–119)
And He says:
“They will see therein neither scorching sun nor bitter cold.” (Surah al-Insan 76:13)

Abu Bakr ibn Abi al-Dunya said:
Suwayd ibn Saʿid narrated to us, ʿAbd Rabbihi al-Hanafi narrated to us, from his maternal uncle al-Zumayl ibn Simak, who heard his father relate that he met ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAbbas in Madinah after the latter had lost his sight. He asked, “O Ibn ʿAbbas, what is the soil of Paradise?” He replied, “It is a white slab of silver, as though it were a mirror.” I said, “What is its light?” He answered, “Have you not seen the moment just before sunrise? That is its light—except that there is in it neither sun nor biting cold.” He mentioned the remainder of the narration as has already been cited. ⦗1⦘

It was also noted previously, in the questioning of Ibn Ṣayyād about the earth of Paradise, that it is fine white soil—pure, fragrant musk. ⦗2⦘

Ahmad ibn Manṣur al-Ramadi ⦗3⦘ said: Kathir ibn Hisham narrated to us, Hisham ibn Ziyad—Abu al-Miqdam—narrated to us, from Ḥabib ibn al-Shahid, from ʿAtaʾ ibn Abi Rabah, from Ibn ʿAbbas, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
“Allah created Paradise white, and the color most beloved to Allah for clothing is white; therefore let your living wear it and shroud your dead in it.”
He (Ibn ʿAbbas) said: The Prophet ﷺ then ordered that the shepherds of the sheep be gathered and said,
“Whoever owns black sheep, let him mix with them some white ones.”
A woman came and said, “O Messenger of Allah, I have reared black sheep, yet I find they do not thrive.” He said,
“ʿAffirī” ⦗4⦘—that is, make them white, meaning: mix them with white ones.

Abu Bakr al-Bazzar said:
Ahmad ibn al-Faraj al-Himsi narrated to us, ʿUthman ibn Saʿid ibn Kathir al-Himsi narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Muhajir narrated to us, from al-Ḍaḥḥak al-Maʿafiri, from Sulayman ibn Musa. Kurayb narrated to us that he heard Usamah ibn Zayd say: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
“Is there not one eager for Paradise? For Paradise is beyond all estimation! By the Lord of the Kaʿbah, it is a dazzling light, waving sweet basil, a lofty palace, a flowing river, ripe fruit, a fair and lovely wife, abundant garments, in an everlasting station, within a secure abode, with fruit, greenery, delight, and blessing, in a district…”

(1) Narrated by Ibn Abī al-Dunyā in Sifat al-Jannah (Description of Paradise), p. 147. (2) Narrated by Muslim, no. 2928. (3) In al-Uṣūl it reads “al-Ziyādī,” which is incorrect. (4) Also transmitted by Ibn Abī ʻAdī in al-Kāmil (The Complete), vol. 7, p. 2565; its isnād is very weak.
[ذكر نور الجنة وبهائها وطيب فنائها وحسن منظرها في وقتي صباحها ومسائها] قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ ثَمَّ رَأَيْتَ نَعِيمًا وَمُلْكًا كَبِيرًا﴾ [الإنسان: ٢٠] وقال تعالى: ﴿خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا حَسُنَتْ مُسْتَقَرًّا وَمُقَامًا﴾ [الفرقان: ٧٦] وقال تعالى: ﴿إِنَّ لَكَ أَلَّا تَجُوعَ فِيهَا وَلَا تَعْرَى (١١٨) وَأَنَّكَ لَا تَظْمَأُ فِيهَا وَلَا تَضْحَى﴾ [طه: ١١٨ - ١١٩] وقال تعالى: ﴿لَا يَرَوْنَ فِيهَا شَمْسًا وَلَا زَمْهَرِيرًا﴾ [الإنسان: ١٣] . قالَ أبو بكر بن أبي الدُّنيا: حدّثنا سُوَيْدُ بن سَعيدٍ، حدّثنا عبْدُ رَبِّهِ الْحَنَفيُّ، عنْ خَالهِ الزُّمَيْلِ بن سِمَاكٍ، سمع أباهُ يُحدِّث: أنَّهُ لَقيَ عبد الله بن عبَّاس بالمدينَةِ بَعْدما كُفَّ بَصَرُهُ، فقال: يا ابن عبَّاس، ما أرْضُ الْجَنَّةِ؟ قال: هيَ مَرْمرةٌ بَيْضاءُ من فِضَّةٍ، كأنَّها مِرآةٌ، قلت: ما نورُها؟ قال: أما رَأَيْتَ السَّاعَةَ الَّتِي تكُونُ قَبْلَ طُلوع الشَّمْسِ؟ فذلك نورها، [إلا] أنهُ ليْسَ فيهَا شَمْسٌ ولا زَمهرير … وذَكَرَ باقي الْحديثِ، كما تقدم (١) . وتَقدمَ في سُؤالِ ابن صيَّاد عنْ ترْبةِ الْجَنَّةِ أنها دَرْمكة بَيْضاءُ، مِسْكٌ أذْفرُ (٢) . وقال أحمدُ بن مَنْصُور الرَّمَادِي (٣) : حدّثنا كثيرُ بن هِشامٍ، حدّثنا هِشَام بن زِيَاد أبو المِقْدام، عنْ حَبيبِ بن الشَّهيدِ، عنْ عَطاء بن أبي رَباح، عن ابن عبَّاس: أنَّ رسول اللهِ ﷺ قالَ: "خَلقَ اللهُ الجَنَّةَ بَيْضاءَ، وَأحَبُّ الزِّيِّ إلى اللهِ الْبَياضُ، فَلْيَلْبَسْهُ أحْياؤكم، وكَفِّنُوا فيهِ موْتاكمْ" قال: ثم أمَرَ بِرعَاءِ الشَّاءِ فَجُمِعُوا، فقال: "منْ كانَ ذَا غَنَم سُود فلْيَخْلِطْ بها بيْضًا" فَجَاءَتْهُ امْرأةٌ فقالت: يا رسول الله إني اتَّخَذْتُ غَنمًا سُودًا، فلا أراهَا تنمو، فقال: "عَفِّري" (٤) أيْ بَيِّضي، مَعْناهُ: اخْلِطي فيهَا بِيضًا. وقال أبو بكر البزَّارُ: حدّثنا أحمد بنُ الفرَج الْحِمْصيّ، حدّثنا عُثْمانُ بن سَعيدِ بن كثير الْحِمْصي، حدّثنا مُحمَّدُ بن مُهَاجِر، عنِ الضَّحَّاكِ المعَافِريّ، عَنْ سُليْمان بن مُوسى، حدّثنا كُريْبٌ: أنَّهُ سمع أسَامَةَ بن زيدٍ يَقُولُ: قال رسولُ الله ﷺ : "ألا مُشَمِّر إلى الْجَنَّةِ؟ فإن الْجَنَّةَ لا خَطَرَ لهَا، هِيَ وَرَبِّ الكَعْبةِ نُورٌ يتَلألأ، وَرَيْحانةٌ تَهْتزُّ، وَقَصْرٌ مشيدٌ، ونَهْرُ مُطَّرِدٌ، وثمرةٌ نَضِيجةٌ، وزوجَةٌ حَسْناءُ جَميلةٌ، وحُلَلٌ كَثيرةٌ في مقام آبدٍ، في دَارٍ سَليمةٍ، وفاكهةٌ، وخُضرَةٌ، وحَبْرةٌ، ونَعْمةٌ، في محلَّةٍ
(١) رواه ابن أبي الدنيا في "صفة الجنة" (١٤٧). (٢) رواه مسلم (٢٩٢٨). (٣) في الأصول: الزيادي، وهو خطأ. (٤) وأخرجه ابن أبي عدي في "الكامل" (٧/ ٢٥٦٥) وإسناده ضعيف جدًا.

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