Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Its chain of transmission is weak on account of the condition of Rashdīn ibn Saʿd, from Ibn Anʿum—both of whom are unreliable. Nevertheless, narrating such reports in this context is excused, for they fall under the genre of exhortation and admonition; and Allah knows best.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak said:
“Rashdīn ibn Saʿd related to us; Abū Hāniʾ al-Khawlānī related to us, from ʿAmr ibn Mālik al-Jambī, that Faḍālah ibn ʿUbayd and ʿUbādah ibn al-Ṣāmit both informed him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
‘On the Day of Resurrection, when Allah has finished judging His creation, two men will remain. They will be ordered to the Fire, but one of them will look back. The Compeller (al-Jabbār) will say, “Bring him back,” and they will bring him. He will ask, “Why did you look back?” The man will reply, “I was hoping You would admit me to Paradise.” He will then be ordered to Paradise, and he will say, “My Lord has granted me so much that, were I to feed the people of Paradise, it would not reduce what I possess in the least.”’ Whenever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned this man, joy could be seen on his noble face. (1)

Section: The People of al-Aʿrāf
Allah the Exalted says:
“And between them is a barrier, and on the Heights are men who recognize everyone by their marks. They will call out to the inhabitants of Paradise, ‘Peace be upon you,’ though they themselves have not yet entered it but long to do so. And when their eyes are turned toward the companions of the Fire, they will say, ‘Our Lord, do not place us with the wrongdoing people’ …” (al-Aʿrāf 46–47).

Ibn ʿAbbās and others said: al-Aʿrāf is a wall that lies between Paradise and Hell, and upon it are men who recognize the inhabitants of both.

Al-Shaʿbī narrated, from Ṣilah ibn Zufar, from Ḥudhayfah, who said: “The People of al-Aʿrāf are those whose good deeds kept them from the Fire while their bad deeds kept them from Paradise. When they say, ‘Our Lord, do not place us with the wrongdoing people,’ your Lord—Mighty and Exalted—will appear to them and say, ‘Rise and enter Paradise, for I have forgiven you.’” Al-Bayhaqī transmitted it (2) through another route from al-Shaʿbī, from Ḥudhayfah, raised to the Prophet, though its authenticity is questionable.

Sufyān al-Thawrī reported, from Ḥabīb ibn Abī Thābit, [from Mujāhid], from ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥārith ibn Nawfal, who said: “The People of al-Aʿrāf are men whose good and bad deeds are exactly equal. They will be taken to a river called ‘Life,’ whose bed is of roses and saffron and whose banks are reeds of gold studded with pearls. They will bathe in it [and a white mark will appear upon their throats; then they will bathe again], and their brightness will increase. It will then be said to them, ‘Wish for whatever you like,’ and they will wish for what they wish. They will be told, ‘You shall have what you wished for—seventy-fold.’ Such people are the poor folk of Paradise. (3)

(1) Ibn al-Mubarak, al-Musnad, no. 110; Az-Zuhd, no. 409 (Zawa’id Na’im). Its isnad is weak. (2) al-Bayhaqi, al-Ba‘th wa’l-Nashur, nos. 109 and 111; also transmitted via al-Sha‘bi from Hudhayfah as a marfu‘ (Prophetic) report. (3) al-Bayhaqi, al-Ba‘th wa’l-Nashur, no. 120.
في إسناده ضَعْفٌ لِحَال رِشْدينَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عن ابنِ أنْعُم، وَهُمَا ضَعيفَانِ، وَلكنْ يُغْتَفرُ رِوَايةُ هَذَا في هَذَا الْبَابِ لأنه مِنَ التَّرْغيبِ وَالتّرْهِيبِ، واللهُ أعْلَمُ. وقال عبدُ الله بن المبارك: حدّثنا رِشْدينُ بنُ سَعْدٍ، حدّثنا أبو هانئٍ الْخَوْلانيُّ، عن عَمْرٍو بن مَالِكِ الجَنْبيِّ: أنَّ فضالةَ بن عبيد، وعُبَادَةَ بنَ الصَّامِتِ حَدَّثَاهُ: أنَّ رسولَ الله ﷺ قال: "إذَا كانَ يَوْمُ القِيَامةِ، وَفرَغَ اللهُ منْ قَضَاءِ الْخَلْقِ فيَبْقَى رَجُلان، فيُؤْمَرُ بِهمَا إلى النّارِ، فيَلْتَفِتُ أحَدُهُما، فيقُولُ الْجَبَّارُ: رُدُّوهُ، فيَرُدُّونَهُ، فيقُولُ له: لِمَ الْتَفَتَّ؟ فيَقُولُ: كُنْتُ أرْجُو أنْ تُدْخِلَني الجَنَّةَ، فيُؤْمَرُ بهِ إلى الْجَنَّةِ، فيَقُولُ: لَقَدْ أعْطَاني رَبِّي حتَّى لوْ أنّي أطْعَمْتُ أهْلَ الْجَنّةِ مَا نَقَصَ ذَلِكَ ممَّا عِنْدي شَيْئًا" وَكانَ رسولُ الله ﷺ إذا ذَكَرَهُ يُرَى السُّرُورُ في وَجْهِهِ (١) . [فصل في أصحاب الأعراف] قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَبَيْنَهُمَا حِجَابٌ وَعَلَى الْأَعْرَافِ رِجَالٌ يَعْرِفُونَ كُلًّا بِسِيمَاهُمْ وَنَادَوْا أَصْحَابَ الْجَنَّةِ أَنْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ لَمْ يَدْخُلُوهَا وَهُمْ يَطْمَعُونَ (٤٦) وَإِذَا صُرِفَتْ أَبْصَارُهُمْ تِلْقَاءَ أَصْحَابِ النَّارِ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا مَعَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ … ﴾ الآيات [الأعراف: ٤٦ - ٤٧] قال ابن عباس وغيره: الأعْرافُ: سورٌ بين الجَنّةِ وَالنَارِ وعليه رجال يعرفون أهل الجنة وأهل النار. وقال الشعبيّ، عن صِلَة بن زُفَر، عن حُذَيفَةَ، قال: أصْحَابُ الأعْرَافِ قَوْمٌ تَجَاوَزَتْ بِهمْ حَسَناتُهُمْ عن دخول النار، وَقصُرَتْ بهمْ سَيِّئَاتُهُمْ عَنِ الجَنّةِ ﴿وَإِذَا صُرِفَتْ أَبْصَارُهُمْ تِلْقَاءَ أَصْحَابِ النَّارِ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا لَا تَجْعَلْنَا مَعَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ فبَيْنما هُمْ كَذَلك، إذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْهمْ رَبُّكَ (عز وجل) ، فقال: قومُوا فادْخُلُوا الجَنَّةَ، فإنِّي قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُمْ". رواه البيهقيّ (٢) من وجه آخر عن الشعبيّ، عن حُذيفةَ مرفوعًا، وفيه نظر. وقال سُفْيانُ الثّوْريّ، عن حَبيبِ بن أبي ثَابتٍ، [عن مجاهد] ، عن عبد الله بن الحارث بن نَوْفَل، قال: أصْحابُ الأعْرَافِ رِجَالٌ تَسْتَوِي حَسَناتُهُمْ، وسَيّئاتُهُمْ، فَيُذْهبُ بهمْ إلى نَهْرٍ يُقالُ لَهُ: الْحَيَاةُ، تُرْبتُه وَرْدٌ وَزَعْفَرانٌ، وحَافَتَاهُ قَصَبٌ منْ ذَهَبٍ، مُكَلَّل باللُّؤْلُؤ، فَيَغْتَسِلُونَ فيه [فَيَبْدُو في نُحُورِهِمْ شَامَةٌ بيضاء، ثُمَّ يَغْتَسلُونَ] فيَزْدَادُونَ بَياضًا، ثُمَّ يقال لَهُمْ: تَمَنَّوْا مَا شِئْتُمْ، فَيَتَمّنونَ ما شاؤوا، فيُقَالُ لَهُمْ: لَكُمْ ما تَمَنَّيْتُمْ سَبْعينَ مَرَّةً، فأُولَئكَ مَسَاكينُ أهل الْجنّةِ (٣) .
(١) رواه ابن المبارك في "مسنده" رقم (١١٠) وفي "الزهد" (٤٠٩ - زوائد نعيم) وإسناده ضعيف. (٢) رواه البيهقي في "البعث والنشور" (١٠٩ و ١١١) ومن وجه آخر عن الشعبيّ، عن حُذَيْفَةَ مرفوعًا. (٣) رواه البيهقي في "البعث والنشور" (١٢٠).

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