Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah - Ibn Kathir - (17/338)

Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

party those who were most defiant toward the Most Merciful; then We surely know best those most deserving to roast therein. There is not one of you but will pass over it; that, with your Lord, is an irrevocable decree. Then We shall deliver the God-fearing and leave the wrongdoers there, kneeling.” (Maryam 19:68-72)

Allah the Exalted has sworn by His own noble Self that He will gather the children of Adam together with those who obeyed the devils and worshipped them alongside Allah—exalted is He—or followed them in whatever acts of disobedience to Allah—exalted is He—they commanded, for to obey the devils is in fact to worship them. When the Day of Resurrection comes, He will assemble the devils and those who obeyed them and will bring them around Hell, kneeling—that is, sitting on their knees—just as He, exalted is He, said: “You will see every nation kneeling; every nation will be summoned to its record” (al-Jathiyah 45:28).

According to Ibn Masʿūd, they will be standing. They will behold its terrors and the hideousness of its sight, utterly convinced that they are about to enter it without escape, as Allah, exalted is He, said: “The criminals will behold the Fire and will be convinced that they must fall into it, and they will find no way to avoid it” (al-Kahf 18:53). He, exalted is He, also said: “You will see the wrongdoers fearful of what they have earned, while it is sure to befall them” (al-Shūrā 42:22).

And He, exalted is He, said: “When it sees them from a distant place they will hear its raging and roaring. (12) And when they are flung into a narrow place therein, chained together, they will cry out there for annihilation. (13) ‘Do not cry today for a single annihilation; rather cry for many annihilations.’ (14) Say, ‘Is that better, or the Garden of Eternity which the God-fearing have been promised? It shall be their reward and destination. (15) Therein they shall have whatever they wish, abiding forever; a promise incumbent upon your Lord and ever to be sought.’” (al-Furqān 25:12-16).

He, exalted is He, said: “You shall surely see Hell (6) then you shall surely see it with the eye of certainty (7) then on that day you shall surely be questioned about bliss” (al-Takāthur 102:6-8).

Thereafter Allah swore that every creature will inevitably come to Hell. He, exalted is He, said: “There is none of you but will pass over it; that is with your Lord an irrevocable decree” (Maryam 19:71). Ibn Masʿūd said: “This is a binding oath.”

In the two Ṣaḥīḥs, from the ḥadith of al-Zuhrī, from Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib, from Abū Hurayrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever has three children who die before him, the Fire will not touch him except for the fulfillment of the oath.” (1)

Imām Aḥmad related—through Ḥasan, from Ibn Lahīʿah, from Zabbān ibn Fāʾid, from Sahl ibn Muʿādh ibn Anas, from his father—that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever voluntarily stands guard behind the Muslims, without a stipend from the ruler, will not see the Fire with his own eyes except for the fulfillment of the oath.” He then recited: “There is none of you but will pass over it,” and mentioned the rest of the ḥadith. (2)

The exegetes have differed over what is meant by al-wurūd (“coming to it”). The most apparent meaning—just as we have explained in the Tafsīr—is that it refers to passing over the ṣirāṭ; Allah knows best. This is as He, exalted is He, said: “Then We shall deliver the God-fearing and leave the wrongdoers therein, kneeling.” (Maryam 19:72).

Mujāhid said: “Fever is every believer’s share of the Fire,” and then he recited: “There is none of you but will pass over it” (Maryam 19:71).

Ibn Jarīr narrated in his Tafsīr a ḥadith resembling this, saying: ʿImrān ibn Bakkār al-Kalāʿī narrated to us; Abū al-Mughīrah narrated to us; ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yazīd ibn Tamīm narrated to us; Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUbayd Allah narrated to us, from

(1) Reported by al-Bukhārī (no. 6656) and Muslim (no. 2632) with the wording: “No Muslim dies leaving three children whom the Fire may touch, except through the expiation of the oath.” (2) Reported by Aḥmad in al-Musnad (vol. 3: 437–438); its isnād is weak.

شِيعَةٍ أَيُّهُمْ أَشَدُّ عَلَى الرَّحْمَنِ عِتِيًّا (٦٩) ثُمَّ لَنَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِالَّذِينَ هُمْ أَوْلَى بِهَا صِلِيًّا (٧٠) وَإِنْ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّكَ حَتْمًا مَقْضِيًّا (٧١) ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا وَنَذَرُ الظَّالِمِينَ فِيهَا جِثِيًّا﴾ [مريم: ٦٨ - ٧٢] أقسم الله تعالى بنفسه الكريمة أنّه سيجمعُ بني آدم مما كان يطيع الشياطين ويعبدها مع الله – Exalté soit-Il – ، ويطيعها فيما تأمره به من معاصي الله – Exalté soit-Il – ، فإن طاعة الشياطين هي عبادتها، فإذا كان يوم القيامة جمع الشياطين ومن أطاعهم، وأحضرهم حَوْل جهنَّم جثياً، أي جُلُوساً على الرُّكَب، كما قال تعالى: ﴿وَتَرَى كُلَّ أُمَّةٍ جَاثِيَةً كُلُّ أُمَّةٍ تُدْعَى إِلَى كِتَابِهَا﴾ [الجاثية: ٢٨] وعن ابن مسعود: قِياماً، وهمْ يُعاينُون هَوْلها، وبَشاعة منظرها، وقد جَزموا أنّهم دَاخلُوها لا محالةَ، كما قال تعالى: ﴿وَرَأَى الْمُجْرِمُونَ النَّارَ فَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ مُوَاقِعُوهَا وَلَمْ يَجِدُوا عَنْهَا مَصْرِفًا﴾ [الكهف: ٥٣] وقال تعالى: ﴿تَرَى الظَّالِمِينَ مُشْفِقِينَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَهُوَ وَاقِعٌ بِهِمْ﴾ [الشورى: ٢٢] وقال تعالى: ﴿إِذَا رَأَتْهُمْ مِنْ مَكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ سَمِعُوا لَهَا تَغَيُّظًا وَزَفِيرًا (١٢) وَإِذَا أُلْقُوا مِنْهَا مَكَانًا ضَيِّقًا مُقَرَّنِينَ دَعَوْا هُنَالِكَ ثُبُورًا (١٣) لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا ثُبُورًا كَثِيرًا (١٤) قُلْ أَذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ أَمْ جَنَّةُ الْخُلْدِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الْمُتَّقُونَ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَزَاءً وَمَصِيرًا (١٥) لَهُمْ فِيهَا مَا يَشَاءُونَ خَالِدِينَ كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّكَ وَعْدًا مَسْئُولًا﴾ [الفرقان: ١٢ - ١٦] . قال تعالى: ﴿لَتَرَوُنَّ الْجَحِيمَ (٦) ثُمَّ لَتَرَوُنَّهَا عَيْنَ الْيَقِينِ (٧) ثُمَّ لَتُسْأَلُنَّ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَنِ النَّعِيمِ﴾ [التكاثرة ٦ - ٨] . ثم أقسم تعالى أنَّ الخَلْق كُلَّهم سَيردُون جَهَنّم، فقال تعالى: ﴿وَإِنْ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّكَ حَتْمًا مَقْضِيًّا﴾ [مريم: ٧١] قال ابن مسعود: قَسَماً وَاجباً. وفي " الصحيحين " من حديث الزهريّ، عن سعيد بنِ المُسيّب، عن أبي هريرة، أنّ رسول الله ﷺ قال: " منْ ماتَ لَه ثلاثةٌ منَ الولدِ لم تمسَّه النار إلا تحلّةَ القَسَم " (١) . وروى الإمامُ أحمد، عن حسن، عن ابن لَهيعة، عن زَبّان بن فائد، عن سهل بن مُعاذ بن أنس، عن أبيه: أنَّ رسول الله ﷺ قال: " منْ حَرَسَ منْ وراءِ المُسْلمين مُتطوعاً لا بِأجْرِ سُلْطانٍ، لم يرَ النارَ بعَيْنيه إلاّ تحِلَّة القَسَم " قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَإِنْ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا﴾ … وذكر تمام الحديث (٢) . وقد اختلف المفسّرون في المراد بالورود ما هو؟ والأظهرُ كما قررّناه في "التفسير" أنّه المرور على الصراط، والله أعلم، كما قال الله تعالى: ﴿ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا وَنَذَرُ الظَّالِمِينَ فِيهَا جِثِيًّا﴾ [مريم: ٧٢] . وقال مجاهد: الحُمَّى حظُّ كلِّ مؤمنٍ منَ النار، ثم قرأ: ﴿وَإِنْ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا﴾ [مريم: ٧١] . وقد روى ابن جرير في " تفسيره " حديثاً يُشبه هذا، فقال: حدّثني عِمْرانُ بنُ بكَّار الكَلاعيّ، حدّثنا أبو المُغيرة، حدّثنا عبد الرحمن بنُ يزيد بن تميم، حدّثنا إسماعيلُ بن عبيد الله، عن

(١) رواه البخاري رقم (٦٦٥٦) ومسلم (٢٦٣٢) بلفظ: "لا يموت لأحد من المسلمين ثلاثة من الولد تمسّه النار إلا تحلَّة القسم ". (٢). رواه أحمد في المسند (٣/ ٤٣٧ و ٤٣٨) وإسناده ضعيف.