Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah - Ibn Kathir - (17/269)

Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

and your records will be read out to you. Whoever finds good therein, let him praise Allah; and whoever finds other than that, let him blame none but himself.”

Imam Ahmad relates—through ʿAbd Allah ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAqīl—from Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allah: Jābir once bought a mount and travelled for a month to ʿAbd Allah ibn Unays so that he could hear from him a ḥadith that had reached him. When he asked him about it, Ibn Unays said:
“I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: ‘On the Day of Resurrection people’—or he said ‘the servants’—‘will be assembled barefoot, naked and uncircumcised, buhman (completely empty-handed).’ We asked, ‘What is buhman?’ He replied, ‘They will possess nothing.’ Then He will call out to them with a voice that will be heard by those who are far just as clearly as by those who are near: ‘I am the King, I am the Judge. No one destined for the Fire may enter it while he retains a claim over anyone of the people of Paradise until I have settled it for him; nor may anyone of the people of Paradise enter it while anyone destined for the Fire has a claim against him—even if it be a single slap—until I have settled it for him.’ We asked, ‘How will that be, when we shall come to Allah empty-handed (buhman)?’ He said, ‘Through good deeds and evil deeds.’” (1)

In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, in the long divine ḥadith reported by Abū Dharr, the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—quotes Allah as saying: “O My servants, it is but your deeds that I reckon for you, then I shall recompense you for them in full. Whoever finds good, let him praise Allah; and whoever finds other than that, let him blame none but himself.” (2)

Allah, exalted is He, says: “Surely in that is a sign for whoever fears the punishment of the Hereafter. That is a Day for which all people will be gathered, and that is a Day witnessed by all. We are only deferring it to a fixed term. On the Day it arrives, no soul will speak except by His leave; some of them will be wretched, and others blessed.” ⦗103-105⦘ [Hūd 11:103-105].

He then mentions what He has prepared for the wretched and what He has prepared for the blessed, saying: “Lord of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them—the All-Merciful—none will have the power to address Him. On the Day when the Spirit and the angels stand in ranks, they will not speak except the one to whom the All-Merciful grants leave, and he will speak what is right.” ⦗37-38⦘ [an-Nabaʾ 78:37-38].

It is established in the two Ṣaḥīḥs: “On that Day none will speak except the messengers.” (3)

Al-Bukhārī—may Allah have mercy on him—dedicated a chapter to this in the Book of Tawḥīd of his Ṣaḥīḥ, entitling it: “The Speech of the Lord, exalted is He, on the Day of Resurrection with the prophets and others.” There he cited in full the ḥadith of Anas on intercession, the ḥadith of ʿAdī—“There is none among you but that his Lord will speak to him …”—and the ḥadith of Ibn ʿUmar on the private conversation. (4)

In this section we shall quote further aḥādīth that are relevant to this topic. Allah, exalted is He, has said:

(1) Narrated by Ahmad in al-Musnad (vol. 3, p. 495); its isnad is hasan. The phrase ba‘ud kama yasma‘uh is not found in the Musnad manuscripts but appears in Majma al-Zawa’id (vol. 10, p. 345) and Jam‘ al-Masanid lil-Musannif (vol. 7, p. 5076). (2) Narrated by Muslim, no. 2577 (55). (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari, no. 7437, and by Muslim, no. 182 (299). (4) al-Bukhari, nos. 7510 and 7514.

وصُحُفكم تُقْرأ عليكم، فمنْ وَجَدَ خَيْرًا فليحمد اللَّه، ومن وجد غيرَ ذلك فلا يلومَنّ إلّا نفسه ". وروى الإمام أحمد، من حديث عبد اللَّه بن محمد بن عَقيل، عن جابر بن عبد اللَّه: أنّه اشترى رَاحِلَةً، وسار إلى عبد اللَّه بن أُنَيْس شهرًا ليَسْمع منه حديثًا بلَغَهُ عَنْهُ، فلمّا سأله عنه، قال: سمعتُ رسول اللَّه ﷺ يقول: "يُحْشَرُ الناسُ يَوْمَ القيامةِ " - أو قال: " العِبادُ- حُفاةً عُراةً غُرْلًا [بهمًا] " قلنا: وما بُهمًا؟ قال: " ليس معهم شيء، ثم يُناديهم بصوت يسمعُه منْ [بَعُد كما يسمعه] من قَرُبَ: أنا المَلِكُ، أنَا الديّانُ، لا ينبغي لأحدٍ من أهل النار أنْ يدخُل النار، وله عند أحَدٍ من أهل الْجَنّة حقّ حتّى أُقِصَّهُ مِنْهُ، ولا يَنْبغي لأحَدٍ من أهل الْجَنَّةِ أن يدخلُ الْجَنَةَ ولأحدٍ من أهل النَّار عِندهُ حقّ حَتَّى أُقصَّه منه، حتى اللطْمة " قال: قلنا: وكيف، وإنّا إنّما نأتي اللَّهَ بُهْمًا؟ قال: " بالْحَسَناتِ، والسّيئات " (١) . وفي "صحيح مسلم " عن أبي ذَرّ عن النبي ﷺ في الحديث الإلهي الطويل: " يا عبادي إنّما هي أعمالكم أُحْصيها لكم ثم أوفّيكم إيّاها، فمن وجد خيرًا فليحمد اللَّه، ومن وجد غير ذلك فلا يَلُومنَّ إلّا نفسه " (٢) . وقد قال اللَّه تعالى: ﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لِمَنْ خَافَ عَذَابَ الْآخِرَةِ ذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَجْمُوعٌ لَهُ النَّاسُ وَذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ (١٠٣) وَمَا نُؤَخِّرُهُ إِلَّا لِأَجَلٍ مَعْدُودٍ (١٠٤) يَوْمَ يَأْتِ لَا تَكَلَّمُ نَفْسٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ فَمِنْهُمْ شَقِيٌّ وَسَعِيدٌ (١٠٥) ﴾ [هود: ١٠٣ - ١٠٥] . ثم ذكر سبحانه ما أعدَّه للأشقياء، وما أعدَّهُ للسُّعداء، فقال تعالى: ﴿رَبِّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا الرَّحْمَنِ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْهُ خِطَابًا (٣٧) يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ صَفًّا لَا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ إِلَّا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ وَقَالَ صَوَابًا (٣٨) ﴾ [النبأ: ٣٧ - ٣٨] . وثبت في "الصحيحين ": " ولا يتكلم يَوْمئذ إلّا الرُّسُل " (٣) . وقد عقد البخاريّ (رحمه الله) بابًا في ذلك، فقال في باب التوحيد من "صحيحه ": بابُ كلام الرَّبّ (سبحانه وتعالى) يوم القيامة مع الأنبياء وغيرهم، ثم أورد فيه حديث أنس في الشفاعة بتمامه. [وحديث عدي: "ما منكم من أحد إلا سيكلّمه ربه. . . "] الحديث، وحديث ابن عمر في النَّجْوَى (٤) . ونحن نورد في هذه الترجمة أحاديث أُخر، مناسبةً لهذا الباب. وقد قال اللَّه تعالى:

(١) رواه أحمد في المسند (٣/ ٤٩٥) وإسناده حسن. وجملة "بَعُد كما يسمعه" ليست في نسخ المسند وهي مثبتة في "مجمع الزوائد" (١٠/ ٣٤٥) وجامع المسانيد للمصنف (٧/ ٥٠٧٦). (٢) رواه مسلم رقم (٢٥٧٧) (٥٥). (٣) رواه البخاري رقم (٧٤٣٧) ومسلم (١٨٢) (٢٩٩). (٤) البخاري (٧٥١٠) و (٧٥١٤).