the heaven, for the distance between heaven and earth is a journey of 500 years, and between each earth and the one beneath it is likewise 500 years. This was reported by Ibn Abī Ḥātim.
Ibn Jarīr also transmitted it from Mujāhid; the same view was adopted by al-Farrāʾ, and Abū ʿAbd Allah al-Ḥalīmī affirmed it as well, as related by the ḥāfiẓ Abū Bakr al-Bayhaqī in his book al-Baʿth wa’l-Nushūr. Al-Ḥalīmī said: “An angel traverses this distance in a part of a single day. Were it a distance that human beings could cover, no one would be able to cross it in less than 50 000 years. This, however, is not the length of the Day of Resurrection; rather, it is the span from the Throne down to the seventh earth.”
Al-Ḥalīmī supported this with the Almighty’s words: “From Allah, Lord of the ways of ascent (3) the angels and the Spirit ascend to Him” (al-Maʿārij). The phrase dhū al-maʿārij means “possessor of lofty heights and supreme grandeur.” Likewise, He says, “Exalted in ranks, Lord of the Throne” (Ghāfir 15), then explains it with, “The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a day”—that is, across a distance whose measure is “50 000 years,” meaning that its breadth and expanse equal that span. According to this opinion, then, the verse speaks of spatial distance.
Al-Bayhaqī sought to reconcile this verse with “Exalted in ranks” by saying that in the present world the angels cover this distance in 1 000 years, whereas on the Day of Resurrection they will traverse it only in 50 000 years because of what they will witness of that Day’s terrors, its immensity, and the wrath of the Lord—exalted is He. Allah knows best. (1)
The second opinion is that the verse refers to the lifespan of this world. Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Ḥātim said in his Tafsīr: “Abū Zurʿah narrated to us; Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā narrated to us; Ibn Abī Zāʾidah narrated to us, from Ibn Jurayj, from Mujāhid, regarding the verse ‘whose measure is 50 000 years’: he said, ‘The world’s lifespan is 50 000 years. That is its duration, and for that reason Allah called it “a day”: “The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a day whose measure is 50 000 years.”’ He said, ‘That “day” is this worldly life.’”
ʿAbd al-Razzāq said: “Maʿmar related to us, from Ibn Abī Najīḥ, from Mujāhid; and from al-Ḥakam ibn Abān, from ʿIkrimah, concerning the verse ‘in a day whose measure is 50 000 years’: both of them said, ‘The entire span of the world, from its beginning to its end, is 50 000 years. No one knows how much has elapsed or how much remains except Allah—exalted is He.’” Al-Bayhaqī likewise cited this through the chain of Muḥammad ibn Thawr from Maʿmar. This view is exceedingly rare and is scarcely mentioned in the well-known works; Allah knows best. (2)
The third opinion is that the verse refers to the interval between this world and the Day of Resurrection—that is, the period spent in the barzakh. Ibn Abī Ḥātim reported this from Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, and it too is a rare position.