Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Then Muslim said:
Hajjāj ibn al-Shāʿir narrated to me; Sulaymān ibn Ḥarb narrated to us; Ḥammād—meaning Ibn Zayd—narrated to us; Maʿbad ibn Hilāl al-ʿAnazī narrated to us, from Anas ibn Mālik:
A man asked the Prophet ﷺ, “When will the Hour be?”
The Prophet ﷺ remained silent for a moment, then looked at a boy who was sitting in front of him, a youngster from the Azd Shanūʾah tribe, and said,
“If this child is granted a full life, old age will not overtake him before the Hour is established.”
Anas added, “That boy was of my own age on that day.” Muslim alone related this report through this chain.

Muslim also said:
Hārūn ibn ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us; ʿAffān ibn Muslim narrated to us; Hammām narrated to us; Qatādah narrated to us, from Anas, who said:
A young boy belonging to al-Mughīrah ibn Shuʿbah passed by—and he was one of my contemporaries—so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
“If this one is granted respite, old age will not overtake him before the Hour is established.”
Al-Bukhārī likewise transmitted it through ʿAmr ibn ʿĀṣim, from Hammām, with the same wording (1).

These narrations show that this question and this answer were repeated on several occasions. The aim was not to pinpoint the time of the Greater Hour to the moment that particular boy reached senility; rather, what was intended was their own “hour,” namely the passing away of their generation and era, whose outer limit would not exceed the lifespan of that child—as has already been stated in the ḥadith:
“You ask me about the Hour, while its knowledge lies with Allah; and I swear by Allah, no soul living on earth today will live for one hundred years.”

This understanding is further supported by the report of ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said, “Your hour has come upon you.” For whoever dies has, in effect, entered the sphere of the Resurrection: the realm of al-barzakh is close to the realm of the Day of Resurrection, resembling this world in some respects, though it is more akin to the Hereafter. Then, when the appointed term allotted to this world has run its course, Allah commands the establishment of the Hour; He will gather the first and the last for an appointed Day well known, as will be explained from the Qur’an and the Sunnah. Allah—glorified be He—is the One whose help is sought (2).

A mention of the nearness of the Hour, its imminent approach, its unquestionable coming, the fact that it will arrive suddenly, and that no one knows its precise time except Allah the Exalted:

Allah the Most High says,
“The reckoning of mankind has drawn near to them, yet they remain heedlessly turning away.” ⦗1⦘ [al-Anbiyāʾ 21:1]

He, exalted is He, says,
“The command of Allah is coming; so do not seek to hasten it.” [al-Naḥl 16:1]

And He says,
“And what can make you know? Perhaps the Hour is near.” ⦗63⦘ [al-Aḥzāb 33:63]

He, the Exalted, says,
“A questioner asked for a punishment bound to fall,
upon the disbelievers—none can repel it—
from Allah, Lord of the pathways of ascent.
The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a day whose measure is fifty thousand years.
So be patient with gracious patience.
Indeed, they see it as distant,
but We see it as near—
on the Day when the sky will be like molten brass,
and the mountains will be like tufts of wool;
and no close friend will ask about another,
though they will be made to see them.” ⦗1-10⦘ [al-Maʿārij 70:1-10]

He says,
“The Hour has drawn near and the moon has split.” ⦗1⦘ [al-Qamar 54:1]

And He says,
“On the Day He gathers them, it will be as though they had not remained (in the world) but for an hour of daylight, recognising one another…” [Yūnus 10:45]

(1) Reported by Muslim (no. 2953) and by al-Bukhari (no. 6167). (2) In manuscript M, at this location: end of the first section of the author’s autograph and beginning of the second.
ثم قال مسلم: وحدّثني حَجّاجُ بنُ الشاعر، حدَّثنا سُلَيْمانُ بنُ حَرْب، حدثنا حمّادٌ، يعني ابنَ زَيْدٍ، حدثنا مَعْبَدُ بنُ هِلَالٍ العنَزِي، عن أنس بن مالك: أنّ رَجُلًا سأل النبيِّ ﷺ ، قال: متَى تقُومُ الساعة؟ قال: فسكت النبيُّ ﷺ هُنَيهَةً، ثمّ نظرَ إلى غُلَامٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنْ أزْدِ شَنُوءَةَ، فقال: "إنْ عُمِّرَ هذَا، لَمْ يُدْرِكْهُ الهَرَمُ، حتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعةُ" قال أنس: ذاك الغُلَامُ من أتْرابِي يومئذ. تفرّد به مسلم أيضًا، من هذا الوجه. ثم قال مسلم: حدّثنا هارونُ بنُ عبد اللَّه، حدثنا عَفانُ بنُ مُسْلم، حدّثنا هَمَّامٌ، حدَّثنا قَتَادَةُ، عن أنس قال: مَرَّ غُلامٌ لِلمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ وَكَان مِنْ أَقْراني، فقالَ رَسولُ اللَّه ﷺ : "إِنْ يُؤَخَّرْ هذَا فَلَنْ يُدْرِكَهُ الهَرَمُ، حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ" . ورواه البخاري، عن عمرو بن عاصم، عن هَمَّام، به (١) . وهذه الرواياتُ تدلّ على تَعْدادِ هذا السؤال، وهذا الجواب، وليس المراد بذلك تحديدَ وَقْتِ الساعة العُظْمَى إلى وَقْتِ هَرَمِ هذا الغلام المُشارِ إلَيه، وإنّما المراد سَاعَتَهُمْ، وهو انْقِراضُ قَرْنِهِمْ، وَعصْرِهِم، وأن قُصَارَاهُ تتَناهَى في مُدَّةِ عُمُرِ دَّلك الغُلام، كما تقدّم في الحديث: "تَسْألونِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ وإنّما عِلْمُها عِنْدَ اللَّهِ، وأُقْسِمُ باللَّهِ مَا على الأَرْضِ نَفْسٌ مَنْفُوسَةٌ الْيَوْمَ يَأتِي عَلَيْها مِئَةُ سنةٍ" وَيُؤَيِّدُ ذَلِكَ رِوايةُ عَائِشةَ (عليه السلام) : قَامَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ ساعتكم؟ وذلك أنَّهُ مَنْ مَاتَ فَقَدْ دَخَلَ في حُكْمِ القيَامَةِ، فإنَّ عَالَم البَرْزَخِ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ عَالَمِ يَومِ القِيَامةِ، وفيه شَبَهٌ مِنَ الدُّنيَا أيضًا، ولكنْ هُوَ أشْبَهُ بِالآخِرة، ثُمَّ إذا تَنَاهَتِ المُدَّةُ المَضْرُوبَةُ لِلدُّنْيَا، أَمَر اللَّهُ بِقِيام السَّاعَةِ، فَجُمِعَ الأَوَّلُونَ والآخِرُونَ لِميقَاتِ يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ، كما سيأتي بيانُ ذلك من الكتاب والسنَّة، واللَّه سبحانه المستعان (٢) . ذِكر دُنوِّ الساعة واقترابها وأَنها آتيةٌ لا ريب فيها، وأنها لَا تأْتي إلّا بَغْتَةً، ولا يعْلَم وقتَها على التعيين إلّا اللَّهُ تعالى قال اللَّه تعالى: ﴿اقْتَرَبَ لِلنَّاسِ حِسَابُهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَةٍ مُعْرِضُونَ (١) ﴾ [الأنبياء] . وقال تعالى: ﴿أَتَى أَمْرُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ﴾ [النحل: ١] . وقال تعالى ﴿وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ السَّاعَةَ تَكُونُ قَرِيبًا (٦٣) ﴾ [الأحزاب] . وقال تعالى: ﴿سَأَلَ سَائِلٌ بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ (١) لِلْكَافِرِينَ لَيْسَ لَهُ دَافِعٌ (٢) مِنَ اللَّهِ ذِي الْمَعَارِجِ (٣) تَعْرُجُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ إِلَيْهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ (٤) فَاصْبِرْ صَبْرًا جَمِيلًا (٥) إِنَّهُمْ يَرَوْنَهُ بَعِيدًا (٦) وَنَرَاهُ قَرِيبًا (٧) يَوْمَ تَكُونُ السَّمَاءُ كَالْمُهْلِ (٨) وَتَكُونُ الْجِبَالُ كَالْعِهْنِ (٩) وَلَا يَسْأَلُ حَمِيمٌ حَمِيمًا (١٠) يُبَصَّرُونَهُمْ﴾ [المعارج] . وقال تعالى: ﴿اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانْشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ (١) ﴾ [القمر] . وقال تعالى: ﴿وَيَوْمَ يَحْشُرُهُمْ كَأَنْ لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِنَ النَّهَارِ يَتَعَارَفُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ
(١) رواه مسلم رقم (٢٩٥٣) والبخاري رقم (٦١٦٧). (٢) في النسخة (م) في هذا الموضع: آخر الجزء الأول من خط المصنف، أول الثاني.

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