some youths from the Banū Hāshim approached. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw them, his eyes filled with tears and his complexion changed. I said, “We keep noticing something in your face that troubles you.” He replied:
“We are a household for whom Allah has chosen the Hereafter over this world. After me, the members of my family will face affliction, displacement and banishment until a people come from the East bearing black banners. They will ask for what is right but will not be given it; they will then fight and be granted victory. What they demanded will then be offered to them, yet they will refuse it until they place it in the hands of a man from my family who will fill the earth with equity just as it had been filled with tyranny. Whoever among you lives to see that should go to them, even if he must crawl across snow.” (1)
This ḥadith contains an allusion to the dominion of the ʿAbbāsids, as was pointed out earlier when mentioning the beginning of their state in the year 132 AH. It also indicates that the Mahdī will appear after the ʿAbbāsid dynasty and that he will belong to the Prophet’s household, descended from Fāṭimah—may Allah be pleased with her—through the line of al-Ḥasan, not al-Ḥusayn, as has been explicitly stated in the report transmitted from ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib. Allah knows best.
Ibn Mājah recorded: Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā and Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf narrated to us; they said: ʿAbd al-Razzaq narrated to us, from Sufyān al-Thawrī, from Khālid al-Ḥadhdhāʾ, from Abū Qilābah, from Abū Asmāʾ al-Raḥabī, from Thawbān, who said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ declared:
“Three men, each of them the son of a caliph, will fight at your treasure, yet it will not fall to any of them. Then black banners will rise from the East and will slay you with a slaughter that no people have ever inflicted.”
He then mentioned something I do not recall and went on to say, “When you see him, then pledge allegiance to him—even if you must crawl over snow—for he is Allah’s Caliph, the Mahdī.” Ibn Mājah alone related this report, and its chain is strong and sound. (2)
The apparent meaning of “the treasure” is the treasure of the Kaʿbah. Three sons of caliphs will fight over it, seeking to seize it, until, at the end of time, the Mahdī will emerge. His appearance will be from the lands of the East; it is also said: from Mecca—not from the cellar of Sāmarrāʾ, as the ignorant among the Rāfiḍah claim, alleging that he is presently confined there and will emerge at the end of time. Such a notion is a form of delirium, a large share of misguidance and a severe delusion from Satan, for there is no evidence or proof for it—neither from the Book, nor from the Sunnah, nor from sound reason, nor from clear indication.
Al-Tirmidhī said: Qutaybah narrated to us, Rashdīn ibn Saʿd narrated to us, from Yūnus, from Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī, from Qabīṣah ibn Dhuʾayb, from Abū Hurayrah, who said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stated:
“Black banners will come forth from Khurāsān, and nothing will turn them back until they are planted in Iliyaʾ (Jerusalem).” This is a gharīb ḥadith. (3)
These black banners are not the ones with which Abū Muslim al-Khurāsānī advanced and with which he wrested power from the Umayyads in the year 132 AH; rather, they are other black banners