Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

—and rightly so.

A ḥadith has been reported that says, “This world is but one Friday among the Fridays of the Hereafter,” yet its chain of transmission is not sound (1). The same is true of every report that fixes a specific date for the Day of Resurrection; none of their isnāds are reliable.

Allah, Exalted is He, says:

“They ask you about the Hour: ‘When will it be set?’ But what concern is it of yours to mention it? To your Lord alone is its final knowledge. You are only a warner to those who fear it. On the Day they behold it, it will seem to them as though they had stayed no more than an evening or its forenoon.” ⦗42-46⦘ [al-Nāziʿāt].

And He says:

“They ask you concerning the Hour, ‘When will its time be?’ Say, ‘Its knowledge rests only with my Lord; none will reveal it at its time but He. It weighs heavily upon the heavens and the earth; it will not come upon you except suddenly.’ They ask you as though you were well informed about it. Say, ‘Its knowledge is with Allah alone, but most people do not know.’” ⦗187⦘ [al-Aʿrāf].

Verses and authentic ḥadith on this matter are numerous.

He, the Most High, also says:

“The Hour has drawn near and the moon has split.” ⦗1⦘ [al-Qamar].

It is established in the sound ḥadith recorded by Muslim and others, on the authority of Sahl ibn Saʿd, that the Prophet ﷺ said:

“I and the Hour have been sent like these two” (2)—and he held up his index and middle fingers. In another wording he said, “It was almost about to outstrip me” (3). This shows how near the Hour is in comparison with what has already elapsed of the world’s lifetime.

Allah, Exalted is He, says:

“The reckoning of mankind has drawn near, yet they remain in heedless denial.” ⦗1⦘ [al-Anbiyāʾ];

and He says: “The command of Allah is coming, so do not seek to hasten it.” [al-Naḥl: 1];

and He says: “Those who do not believe in it seek to hasten it, while those who believe are fearful of it and know that it is the truth.” [al-Shūrā: 18].

In Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Muslim it is related that a Bedouin asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the Hour. He replied:

“It will certainly come—so what have you prepared for it?”

The man said, “By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I have not prepared for it many prayers or deeds, but I love Allah and His Messenger.”

He ﷺ said:

“You will be with those you love.” (4)

The Muslims were never delighted by anything as much as they were by this ḥadith.

In another narration he ﷺ was asked about the Hour, and he looked at a young boy and said:

“This lad will not reach old age before your Hour overtakes you.” (5)

What he meant was the passing away of their generation and their entry into the realm of the Hereafter, for whoever dies has, in effect, entered the Hereafter. Some people therefore say, “Whoever dies, his Resurrection has begun.” (6) Taken in this sense, the statement is correct, though certain atheists use it to hint at heresies and falsehoods.

As for the Great Hour—the gathering of the first and the last on one vast plain—Allah alone has kept the knowledge of its timing to Himself, as is affirmed in the authentic ḥadith:

“Five things are known only to Allah,”

then he recited:

“Indeed, with Allah is knowledge of the Hour; He sends down the rain; He knows what is in the wombs; no soul knows what it will earn tomorrow; and no soul knows in what land it will die. Truly Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.” [Luqmān: 34] (7).

(1) It is narrated by al-Daylami in Musnad al-Firdaws on the authority of Anas, and its isnad (chain of transmission) is weak. It is also recorded by al-Sahmi in Tarikh Jurjan, p. 140, likewise with a weak isnad. (2) It appears in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī no. 6503 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim no. 2950. (3) Ahmad records it in his Musnad (vol. 5/348) from the report of Buraydah; it is graded ḥasan (good) according to its chains and parallel reports. (4) Ahmad transmits it in the Musnad (vol. 3/226), al-Bukhārī no. 3688, and Muslim no. 2639. (5) It is found in Ahmad’s Musnad (vol. 3/283), al-Bukhārī no. 6167, and Muslim no. 2953 in the report of Abū Hurayrah. (6) Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-ʿIrāqī, in his Takhrīj al-Iḥyāʾ, notes that Ibn Abī al-Dunyā relates it in his Kitāb al-Mawt from Anas with a weak isnad. (7) Ahmad in the Musnad (vol. 5/353), al-Bukhārī no. 50, and Muslim no. 9.
حقيقون به، وقد ورد في حديث: "الدُّنْيَا جُمُعَةٌ من جُمَع الآخِرَة" ولا يَصحُّ إسناده (١) ، وكذا كل حديث ورد فيه تحديدٌ بوقتِ يوم القيامة على التعيين لا يثبت إسنادُه، وقال اللَّه تعالى: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ أَيَّانَ مُرْسَاهَا (٤٢) فِيمَ أَنْتَ مِنْ ذِكْرَاهَا (٤٣) إِلَى رَبِّكَ مُنْتَهَاهَا (٤٤) إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مُنْذِرُ مَنْ يَخْشَاهَا (٤٥) كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَهَا لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا عَشِيَّةً أَوْ ضُحَاهَا (٤٦) ﴾ [النازعات] ، وقال تعالى: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ أَيَّانَ مُرْسَاهَا قُلْ إِنَّمَا عِلْمُهَا عِنْدَ رَبِّي لَا يُجَلِّيهَا لِوَقْتِهَا إِلَّا هُوَ ثَقُلَتْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَا تَأْتِيكُمْ إِلَّا بَغْتَةً يَسْأَلُونَكَ كَأَنَّكَ حَفِيٌّ عَنْهَا قُلْ إِنَّمَا عِلْمُهَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ (١٨٧) ﴾ [الأعراف] والآيات في هذا، والأحاديث كثيرة، وقال اللَّه تعالى: ﴿اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانْشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ (١) ﴾ [القمر] [وثبت في الحديث الصحيح الذي رواه مسلم وغيره، عن سهل بن سعد قال: سمعت النبي ﷺ يقول:] " بُعِثْتُ أَنا وَالسَّاعةُ كَهَاتَيْنِ" (٢) وفي رواية: "إنْ كادَتْ لتَسْبِقُنِي" (٣) وهذا يَدُلّ على اقْتِرَابها بالنسبة إلى ما مضى من الدنيا، وقال تعالى: ﴿اقْتَرَبَ لِلنَّاسِ حِسَابُهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَةٍ مُعْرِضُونَ (١) ﴾ [الأنبياء] وقال تعالى: ﴿أَتَى أَمْرُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ﴾ [النحل: ١] ، وقال تعالى: ﴿يَسْتَعْجِلُ بِهَا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهَا وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مُشْفِقُونَ مِنْهَا وَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا الْحَقُّ﴾ [الشورى: ١٨] . وفي "الصحيح" أن رجلًا من الأعراب سأل رسول اللَّه ﷺ عن الساعة، فقال: "إنّها كائنة، فما أعدَدْتَ لها؟ " فقال الرجل: واللَّه يا رسول اللَّه لَمْ أُعِدَّ لهَا كَثِيرَ صَلَاةٍ، وَلَا عَملٍ، ولكني أُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، فقال: "أَنْتَ مَعَ مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ" فما فرح المسلمون بشيء فرحهم بهذا الحديث (٤) . وفي بعض الأحاديث: أنه ﷺ سُئِل عن السَّاعَةِ، فنظَرَ إلى غُلَامٍ فقال: "لَن يُدْرِكَ هَذَا الْهَرَمُ، حتَّى تَأْتِيَكُمْ ساعتُكُمْ" (٥) والمراد انْخِرامُ قَرْنِهِمْ، ودُخولهم في عالم الآخرة، فإنّ كُلَّ من مات، فقد دخل في حكم الآخرة، وبعضُ الناس يقول: من مات فقد قامت قيامته (٦) ، وهذا الكلامُ بهذا المعنى صحيح، وقد يقول هذا بعضُ الملَاحِدَة، ويُشيرُون به إلى شيء من الزندقة والباطل، فأما الساعة العظمى وهو اجتماع الأولين والآخرين في صعيد واحد، فهذا مما استأثَر اللَّه تعالى بعلم وقته، كما ثبت في الصحيح: "خمسٌ لا يَعْلَمُهُن إلَّا اللَّهُ" ، ثم قرأ: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ﴾ [لقمان: ٣٤] (٧) .
(١) رواه الديلمي في" مسند الفردوس" عن أنس، وهو ضعيف. ورواه السهمي في "تاريخ جرجان" صفحة (١٤٠) وإسناده ضعيف. (٢) رواه البخاري رقم (٦٥٠٣) ومسلم رقم (٢٩٥٠). (٣) رواه أحمد في المسند (٥/ ٣٤٨) من حديث بريدة، وهو حديث حسن بطرقه وشواهده. (٤) رواه أحمد في المسند (٣/ ٢٢٦) والبخاري رقم (٣٦٨٨) ومسلم (٢٦٣٩). (٥) رواه أحمد في المسند (٣/ ٢٨٣) والبخاري رقم (٦١٦٧) ومسلم رقم (٢٩٥٣) من حديث أبي هريرة. (٦) الحافظ العراقي في "تخريج الإحياء": أخرجه ابن أبي الدنيا، في كتاب "الموت" من حديث أنس بسند ضعيف. (٧) رواه أحمد (٥/ ٣٥٣) والبخاري رقم (٥٠) ومسلم (٩).

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