Likewise, the foretelling of ʿAmmār’s murder (1). As for the report concerning the Khārijites slain by ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib—may Allah be pleased with him—their features, and the description of the one among them known as Dhu al-Thudayyah (2), the hadiths on that subject are exceedingly numerous; we have already discussed them in detail—praise and gratitude belong to Allah. When treating the death of ʿAlī, we cited that narration with its various chains and wordings.

The hadith transmitted by Aḥmad, Abū Dāwūd, al-Nasāʾī, and al-Tirmidhī—who declared it sound—through Saʿīd ibn Jumhān, from Safīnah, has already been mentioned: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “The caliphate after me will last thirty years; then it will turn into kingship.” (3) These thirty years comprise the caliphates of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, ʿUmar al-Fārūq, ʿUthmān the martyr, and ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, likewise martyred. Their completion came with the six months during which al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī held authority after his father. At the close of the thirtieth year he relinquished power to Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān, in 40 AH, whereupon the oath of allegiance converged unanimously upon Muʿāwiyah; that year was called “the Year of Unity,” as we have explained earlier (4).

Al-Bukhārī relates from Abū Bakrah—may Allah be pleased with him—that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, while al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī stood beside him on the pulpit, “This son of mine is a leader; through him Allah will reconcile two great factions of the Muslims.” (5) And so it came to pass exactly.

It is likewise established in the two Ṣaḥīḥs, in the narration of Umm Ḥarām bint Milḥān, that the Prophet ﷺ foretold his community’s engaging in naval warfare twice, and that Umm Ḥarām would be with the first expedition. This occurred in 27 AH, when Muʿāwiyah sought ʿUthmān’s permission to attack Cyprus. ʿUthmān granted it, so Muʿāwiyah embarked with the Muslims, reached the island, and conquered it by force. Umm Ḥarām died on that campaign at sea; she had set out with her husband, ʿUbādah ibn al-Ṣāmit (6).

Muʿāwiyah’s wife, Fakhtah bint Qarazah, also accompanied him on that expedition. The second naval campaign took place in 52 AH, during Muʿāwiyah’s reign, when he dispatched his son Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah with the troops to assault Constantinople. A group of eminent Companions went with them—among them Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī, Khālid ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him). He died there, instructing Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah to bury him under the horses’ hooves, as deep as possible within the enemy lines; Yazīd carried out his request.

Al-Bukhārī alone records—through the chain of Thawr ibn Yazīd, from Khālid ibn Maʿdān, from ʿUmayr ibn