Sources and References

1. Al-Iḥāṭa fī Akhbār Gharnāṭa (A Comprehensive Account of Granada) by Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Khaṭīb; edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ʿInān. Dār al-Maʿārif, Cairo, 1955 CE.

2. Usd al-Ghāba fī Maʿrifat al-Ṣaḥāba (The Lions of the Thicket: A Biographical Dictionary of the Companions) by Ibn al-Athīr; edited by Muḥammad Ibrāhīm al-Bannā, Muḥammad Aḥmad ʿĀshūr, and Maḥmūd ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Fāyid. Maṭbaʿat al-Shaʿb, Cairo, 1970 CE.

3. Al-Aʿlām (Dictionary of Prominent Figures) by Khayr al-Dīn al-Ziriklī. Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Malāyīn, 6th ed., Beirut.

4. Iʿlām al-Nubalāʾ bi-Taʾrīkh Ḥalab al-Shahbāʾ (Annals of the Nobles: A History of Aleppo) by the scholar Muḥammad Rāghib al-Ṭabbākh.

5. Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ (Notable Women) by ʿUmar Riḍā Kahāla. Al-Maṭbaʿa al-Hāshimiyya, Damascus, 2nd ed., 1959 CE.

6. Atlās Tārīkh al-Islām (Atlas of Islamic History) by Dr. Ḥusayn Muʾnis. Dār al-Zahrāʾ, Cairo, 1st ed., 1987 CE.

7. Badāʾiʿ al-Zuhūr fī Waqāʾiʿ al-Duhūr (The Rare Flowers of the Annals) by Ibn Iyās al-Ḥanafī; edited by Muḥammad Muṣṭafā. Egyptian General Book Organization, Cairo, 2nd ed. — facsimile of the first, 1984 CE.

8. Bughyat al-Wuʿāt (The Students’ Desire) by al-Suyūṭī; edited by Muḥammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, Egypt, 1st ed., 1964 CE; reprinted by Maṭbaʿat Muḥammad ʿĪsā al-Ḥalabī, Cairo, 1964 CE.

9. Tāj al-ʿArūs (The Bride’s Crown) by al-Zabīdī; edited by a team of scholars, Government of Kuwait — several volumes published.

10. Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn (The History of Ibn Khaldūn). Jamāl Printing and Publishing House, Beirut, 1979 CE.

11. Tārīkh Ibn ʿAsākir; edited by Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Munajjid. Publications of the Arab Scientific Academy, Damascus, 1951 CE.

12. Tārīkh al-Khulafāʾ (History of the Caliphs) by al-Suyūṭī.

13. Al-Tuḥfa al-Saniyya (The Resplendent Gift) by Ibn al-Jīʿān, Cairo.

14. Al-Taʿrīf bi-Muṣṭalaḥāt “Ṣubḥ al-Aʿshā” (Glossary of the Terms Used in “Ṣubḥ al-Aʿshā”) by Muḥammad Qandīl al-Baqlī. Egyptian Book Organization, 1983 CE.

15. Taqwīm al-Buldan (Survey of the Lands) by al-Malik al-Muʾayyad ʿImād al-Dīn Ismāʿīl. Royal Printing House, Paris, 1840 CE.

16. Al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān (Qurṭubī’s Exegesis). Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, Beirut, 2nd ed., 1952 CE.

17. Jamharat al-Nasab (Compendium of Genealogy) by al-Kalbī; edited by Maḥmūd Firdaws al-ʿAẓam. Dār al-Yaqẓa al-ʿArabiyya, Damascus, 1st ed., 1983 CE.

18. Al-Jawāhir al-Muḍiyya fī Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanafiyya (The Shining Jewels of Ḥanafī Biographies); edited by Dr. ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Muḥammad al-Ḥilū and Maḥmūd al-Ṭanāḥī, Cairo.