As for those who take the verse as a report about a tangible reality—as is the most immediate, apparent meaning—there is likewise no problem. For His saying, “So they were unable to scale it, nor were they able to pierce it,” refers to that particular time; the wording is in the past tense and therefore does not rule out their being enabled, by God’s decree, to do so in the future. They will be given power over it little by little until the appointed term arrives, the decreed matter comes to pass, and they break forth, just as God the Exalted says: “and they will surge down from every height” (al-Anbiyāʾ 21:96).
The more perplexing narration is the one Imam Aḥmad records in his Musnad. He said: “Rawḥ related to us; Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿArūbah related to us, from Qatādah; Abū Rāfiʿ related to us, from Abū Hurayrah, from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said:
‘Gog and Magog dig at the barrier every day. When they are on the verge of glimpsing the rays of the sun, the one in charge of them says, “Go back; you will finish it tomorrow.” They return, and it is as solid as it ever was. When their appointed time arrives and God wills to release them upon mankind, they dig until they are almost able to see the sun’s rays. Then the one in charge says, “Go back; you will finish it tomorrow, God willing,” adding the phrase in shāʾ Allāh. They return, and when they come back the barrier is in the state they left it the previous day. They dig through it and pour out upon the people. They drink up the waters, and humankind withdraws into their fortresses. Gog and Magog then shoot their arrows toward the sky; the arrows come back with something resembling blood on them. They say, “We have conquered the inhabitants of the earth and overcome the inhabitants of heaven.” God will then send against them worms (naghf) at the napes of their necks, and they will be killed by them.’
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ added: ‘By Him in Whose hand is Muhammad’s soul, the beasts of the earth will grow fat and give thanks for their flesh and blood.’”
Aḥmad also narrated it through Ḥasan ibn Mūsā, from Sufyān, from Qatādah. Ibn Mājah transmitted it as well, through Saʿīd from Qatādah, with the wording: “Abū Rāfiʿ narrated it.” Al-Tirmidhī reported it via Abū ʿAwanah from Qatādah and then said, “It is gharib; we do not know it except through this route.”
This ḥadīth affirms that they lick away at the barrier every day until, because of its thinness, they are almost able to see the sun shining through it. If its attribution to the Prophet is not sound and it is merely taken from Kaʿb al-Aḥbār, as some have alleged, the difficulty is removed. But if the attribution is authentic, the narration can be understood to mean that this digging will take place at the end of time.