The Two Nations of Gog and Magog—their lineage, attributes, transmitted reports, and the nature of the barrier
They are, without any disagreement known to us, descendants of Adam. The proof is what is authentically established in the Two Ṣaḥīḥs (1) through al-Aʿmash, from Abū Ṣāliḥ, from Abū Saʿīd, who said:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stated:
“On the Day of Resurrection Allah, Exalted is He, will say: ‘O Adam, rise and dispatch the cohort destined for the Fire from among your offspring.’
Adam will ask, ‘My Lord, who are the cohort of the Fire?’
He will reply, ‘From every thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine will be in the Fire and one will be in the Garden.’
At that moment the child will turn grey-haired, every pregnant woman will miscarry, and you will see people appearing drunk, though they are not drunk; rather, the punishment of Allah is severe.
They said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, which one of us will be that single person?’
He answered, ‘Rejoice! One of you will be saved, while a thousand from Gog and Magog will be consigned to the Fire.’ ”
In another wording he said:
“Rejoice, for among you are two communities who, whenever they join something, make it plentiful.”
That is, they outnumber everyone else—clear evidence of their enormous numbers, many times greater than the rest of mankind.
They are likewise of the progeny of Noah, for Allah the Exalted relates that He answered His servant Noah when he invoked against the inhabitants of the earth:
“My Lord, do not leave upon the earth any dwelling of the disbelievers.” (Nūḥ 71:26)
And He says:
“So We saved him and those with him in the ship.” (al-ʿAnkabūt 29:15)
And:
“We made his descendants the ones who remained.” (al-Ṣāffāt 37:77)
It has already been mentioned (2) in the ḥadīth recorded in the Musnad (3) and the Sunan (4) that Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth. Shem is the forefather of the Arabs, Ham the forefather of the Black nations, and Japheth the forefather of the Turks. Gog and Magog are a branch of the Turks; they resemble the Mongols (5) but are even more formidable and more corrupt. Their relation to the Turks is like that of the Turks in relation to other peoples.
It is also said that the Turks received their name after Dhu l-Qarnayn built the barrier, driving Gog and Magog behind it. A group that was not as corrupt as the rest remained on this side and was ‘left’ (turikū) outside it; hence they came to be called Turk (6).