(1) Note added in the reading “bi” here: Ṣhaykh Shihâb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī—may Allah have mercy on him—composed in his book al-Radd ’alā al-Nasārā (Refutation of the Christians) the following verses, directed against those among them who assert both that Christ was crucified and delivered over to the Jews while claiming him to be the Son of God—exalted is Allah above their claim: “How strange that Christ among the Christians— and to which father did they attribute him? They surrendered him to the Jews and said: ‘They crucified him after killing him.’ If what they say is true and sound, then where was his Father when He left His Son in the hands of enemies? Did they please Him, or did they anger Him? If He was pleased by their harming of Him, then praise them, for they agreed with Him. But if He was displeased, then forsake Him and worship them, for they prevailed over Him.”