Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah - Ibn Kathir - (15/581)

Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

The year 694 AH opened while the Caliph was al-Ḥākim bi-Amrillāh and the sovereign of the realm was al-Malik al-Nāṣir Muḥammad ibn Qalāwūn, who at that time was twelve (1) years old and a few months. The administrator of the dominions and atabeg of the armies was the amir Zayn al-Dīn Kitbughā; the deputy of Syria was the amir ʿIzz al-Dīn Aybak al-Ḥamawī; the vizier in Damascus was Taqī al-Dīn Tawbah al-Tikritī; the overseer of the dīwāns was Shams al-Dīn al-Aʿsar. The Shāfiʿī judge was Ibn Jamāʿa, the Ḥanafī judge Ḥusām al-Dīn al-Rāzī, the Mālikī judge Jamāl al-Dīn al-Zawāwī, and the Ḥanbalī judge Sharaf al-Dīn Ḥasan. The market inspector was Shihāb al-Dīn al-Ḥanafī; the naqīb al-ashrāf was Zayn al-Dīn ibn ʿAdnān; the trustee of the public treasury and supervisor of the congregational mosque was Tāj al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī; and the city’s preacher was Sharaf al-Dīn al-Maqdisī.

When the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ arrived, a group of al-Ashraf’s mamluks rose up, violated the sultan’s sanctity, and sought to rebel against him. They went to the arms market and took everything in it. They were then surrounded (2); some were crucified, others hanged, and the hands and tongues of still others were cut off. A tremendous disturbance broke out, and they numbered close to three hundred, if not more.

Account (3) of the enthronement of al-Malik al-ʿĀdil Kitbughā

At dawn on the eleventh of Muḥarram the amir (4) seated himself upon the throne, deposed al-Malik al-Nāṣir Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr, and confined him to his family quarters, forbidding him to leave. The emirs swore allegiance to the new ruler, congratulated him, and he spread out a lavish banquet. Couriers carried the news to the provinces, whereupon allegiance was sworn to him, the Friday sermon was delivered in his name alone, and coinage was struck bearing his inscription. The affair was consummated: the lands were decorated, the drums of glad tidings were beaten, and he received the honorific title al-Malik al-ʿĀdil. At that time he was about fifty years old, for he had been among the captives of the first battle of Ḥoms, which took place in the days of al-Malik al-Ẓāhir after the battle of ʿAyn Jālūt, and he was of—

And among these are those matters pertaining to the science of facilitation (ilm al-taysir). Most of them are sound, yet they yield little benefit. Another is what they discuss under the science of legal rulings (ilm al-ahkam), most of which is false. And among them is my own practice—what they claim to be a potent use of the active spheres (aflak al-fa‘ila) over the passive earthly forces. He said: “It is the sihr (magic) that God has condemned in His Book and by His Messenger.” (1) In MS B: “By God’s command, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Abbasi and the sultan of the realm, al-Malik al-Nasir Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun, who was twelve years old.” MS A also reads “and twelve.” (2) In MS B: “And they intended to depart; they came to the arms market and took whatever was in it and prepared themselves accordingly.” (3) From MS A only. (4) In MS B: “the Emir Zayn al-Din Kutbugha.”

[دخلت سنة أربع وتسعين وستمئة] استُهِلَّت والخليفةُ الحاكم بأمر الله وسلطانُ البلاد الملكُ الناصر محمد بن قلاوون وعمره إذ ذاك اثنتا عشرة (١) سنة وأشهرًا، ومدبّر الممالك وأتابك العساكر الأمير زين الدين كَتْبُغا، ونائب الشام الأمير عزَّ الدين أَيْبَك الحَمْوي، والوزير بدمشق تقي الدين تَوْبَة التّكْريتي، وشادّ الدواوين شمس الدين الأَعْسَر، وقاضي الشافعية ابن جماعة، والحنفية حسام الدين الرازي، والمالكية جمال الدين الزّواوي، والحنابلة شرف الدين حسن، والمحتسب شهاب الدين الحنفي، ونقيب الأشراف زين الدين بن عدنان، ووكيل بيت المال وناظر الجامع تاج الدين الشيرازي، وخطيب البلد شرف الدين المقدسي. فلما كان يوم عاشوراء نهض جماعة من مماليك الأشرف وخرقوا حرمةَ السلطان وأرادوا الخروج عليه، وجاؤوا إلى سوق السلاح فأخذوا ما فيه، ثم احتيط عليهم (٢) ، فمنهم من صُلب، ومنهم من شُنق، وقُطع أيدي آخرين منهم وألسنتهم، وجرت خبطة عظيمة جدًّا، وكانوا قريبًا من ثلاثمئة أو يزيدون. ذكر (٣) سلطنة الملك العادل كَتْبُغا وأصبح الأمير (٤) في الحادي عشر من المحرم فجلس على سرير المملكة، وخلع (الملك) الناصر محمد بن المنصور، وألزمه بيت أهله، وأن لا يخرج منه، وبايعه الأمراء على ذلك، وهنؤوه ومدّ سماطًا حافلًا، وسارت البريديةُ بذلك إلى الأقاليم، فبُويع له وخطب له مُسْتَقِلّا وضُربت السكةُ باسمه، وتَمَّ الأمر وزُيّنت البلادُ، ودقت البشائر، ولُقِّبَ بالملك العادل، وكان عمره إذ ذاك نحوًا من خمسين سنة، فإنه من سبي وقعة حمص الأولى التي كانت في أيام الملك الظاهر بعد وقعة عين جالوت، وكان من

= ومن ذلك ما يتعلق بعلم التيسير وغالبه صحيح ولكنه لا فائدة كثيرة تحته. من ذلك ما يتكلمون عليه من علم الأحكام وغالبه باطل. ومن ذلك عملي وهو ما يزعمون استعمالًا قويًا للأفلاك الفعالة في القوى الأرضية المنفعلة. قال: وهو السحر الذي ذمه الله في كتابه ورسوله. (١) ب: بأمر الله أبو العباس أحمد العباسي وسلطان البلاد الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد بن قلاوون وهو ابن ثنتي عشرة. وثنتي في أ أيضًا. (٢) ب: وأرادوا الخروج وجاؤوا إلى سوق السلاح فأخذوا ما فيه فاحتيط عليهها. (٣) عن أ وحدها. (٤) ب: الأمير زين الدين كتبغا.