Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah - Ibn Kathir - (2/289)

Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Traosis, Qananyā, Judas, and Zacharia Yūṭā; it was this last one who directed the Jews to Jesus.

Ibn Isḥāq said: Among them there was yet another man named Sergius, whom the Christians kept hidden. It was upon him that the likeness of the Messiah was cast, and he was crucified in his stead. He added: Some Christians maintain that the person crucified in place of the Messiah—on whom his appearance was cast—was Judas, son of Zacharia Yūṭā; Allah knows best.

Al-Ḍaḥḥāk reported from Ibn ʿAbbās: Jesus appointed Simon as his successor, and the Jews killed Judas (1), the one upon whom the likeness had been cast (2).

Aḥmad ibn Marwān narrated: Muḥammad ibn al-Jahm told us, saying, “I heard al-Farrāʾ (3) comment on the Almighty’s words, ‘They plotted, and Allah plotted, and Allah is the best of plotters’ (Āl ʿImrān 3:54). He said: ‘Jesus had been away from his maternal aunt for some time, then returned to her house. The Jewish chief of the Sanhedrin rose up and roused the people against Jesus until they gathered at the door. They smashed the door, and the chief himself (4) entered to seize Jesus, but Allah blinded him so that he could not see him (5). He went back out to his men and said, “I did not find him,” while a drawn sword was in his hand. They exclaimed, “You are Jesus!” Allah had cast the likeness of Jesus upon him, so they seized him, killed him, and crucified him.’ Concerning this, the Exalted said: ‘They did not crucify him, but it was made to appear so to them’ (al-Nisāʾ 4:157).”

Ibn Jarīr (6) said: Ibn Ḥumayd told us; Yaʿqūb al-Qummī told us, from Hārūn ibn ʿAntarah, from Wahb ibn Munabbih, who said: “Jesus entered a house with seventeen of his disciples, and [the Jews] surrounded them. When they burst in, Allah gave every one of them the appearance of Jesus. They said, ‘You have bewitched us! Produce Jesus or we will kill you all.’ Jesus said to his companions, ‘Who among you will purchase Paradise today with his own life?’ One of them replied, ‘I will.’ He went out to them and declared, ‘I am Jesus,’ for Allah had made him look exactly like Jesus. They seized him, killed him, and crucified him. This is how it was made to appear to them, so they thought they had killed Jesus, and the Christians assumed the same, whereas Allah raised Jesus up that very day.”

(1) In the printed edition: Yudus; in the Mukhtasar of Tarikh Dimashq: Buda. (2) The account appears in the Mukhtasar of Tarikh Dimashq (vol. 20, p. 139). (3) Ma‘ani al-Qur’an (vol. 1, p. 218), where it diverges from the present reading. (4) In manuscript B: al-Jalut, as also in the Mukhtasar of Tarikh Dimashq. (5) In manuscript B: “fa-waqa‘ yamshi thumma kharaja…” (“and he began to walk, then he went out…”). (6) In Tafsiruhu (vol. 10, p. 6). (7) As in the printed edition, which agrees with Tafsir al-Tabari. In manuscript A: ‘alayhi suwaruhum’ (“their images upon him”); in manuscript B: ‘alayhi surahuh’ (“its image upon him”). (8) In manuscript B: ‘li-yubariz lana’ (“that it may stand out for us”); in Tafsir al-Tabari: ‘la-tubarizanna lana’. (9) The addition ‘minkum’ (“from you”) occurs in manuscript B and the printed edition; Tafsir al-Tabari likewise reads ‘minkum’.

وتراوسيس، وقنانيا، ويودس، وزكريا يوطا، وهذا هو الذي دلّ اليهود على عيسى. قال ابن إسحاق: وكان فيهم رجل آخر اسمه سرجس كتمته النصارى، وهو الذي أُلقي شبه المسيح عليه فصُلِب عنه. قال: وبعض النصارى يزعم أن الذي صُلب عن المسيح وأُلقي عليه شبهه هو يودس بن زكريا يوطا. والله أعلم. وقال الضحاك، عن ابن عباس: استخلف عيسى شمعون، وقتلت اليهود يوذا (١) الذي ألقي عليه الشبه (٢) . وقال أحمد بن مروان: حدثنا محمد بن الجهم قال: سمعت الفَرَّاء (٣) يقول في قوله: ﴿وَمَكَرُوا وَمَكَرَ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَاكِرِينَ﴾ [آل عمران: ٥٤] قال: إن عيسى غاب عن خالته زمانًا فأتاها، فقام رأس الجالوت اليهودي، فضرب على عيسى حتى اجتمعوا على باب داره، فكسروا الباب، ودخل رأس جالوت (٤) ليأخذ عيسى، فطمس الله عينيه عن عيسى (٥) ، ثمّ خرج إلى أصحابه فقال: لم أره. ومعه سيف مسلولٌ، فقالوا: أنت عيسى. وألقى الله شبه عيسى عليه، فأخذوه فقتلوه وصلبوه. فقال جلَّ ذِكْرُه: ﴿وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَكِنْ شُبِّهَ لَهُمْ﴾ [النساء: ١٥٧] . وقال ابن جرير (٦) : حدّثنا ابن حميد، حدّثنا يعقوب القُمِّي، عن هارون بن عنترة، عن وهب بن منبه قال: أتى عيسى ومعه سبعة عشر من الحواريين في بيت، فأحاطوا بهم، فلما دخلوا عليهم صوَّرهم (٧) الله كلّهم على صورة عيسى، فقالوا لهم: سَحَرْتمونا، لتُبْرِزُنَّ إلينا (٨) عيسى أو لنقتلنَكم جميعًا، فقال عيسى لأصحابه: من يشتري منكم (٩) نفسه اليوم بالجنة؟ فقال رجل منهم: أنا، فخرج إليهم فقال: أنا عيسى، وقد صوَّره الله على صورة عيسى، فأخذوه فقتلوه وصلبوه، فمن ثَم شُبّه لهم وظنوا أنهم قد قتلوا عيسى. وظنت النصارى مثل ذلك أنه عيسى، ورَفَعَ اللهُ عيسى من يومه ذلك.

(١) في ط: يودس. وفي مختصر تاريخ دمشق بوذا. (٢) الخبر في مختصر تاريخ دمشق (٢٠/ ١٣٩). (٣) معاني القرآن (١/ ٢١٨). وفيه اختلاف عما هاهنا. (٤) في ب: الجالوت. وكذلك في مختصر تاريخ دمشق. (٥) في ب: فوقع يمشي ثم خرج .. (٦) تفسيره (١٠/ ٦). (٧) كذا في ط. وهو موافق لما في تفسير الطبري. وفي أ: عليه صورهم. وفي ب: عليه صوره. (٨) في ب: ليبرز لنا. وفي تفسير الطبري: لتبرزن لنا. (٩) قوله: منكم، زيادة من ب و ط. وفي تفسير الطبري نفسه منكم.