His (1) father used to maintain that he had been a disciple of al-Fakhr al-Razi (2), the son of the Khatib of Rayy (3) and a prolific author (4).
Then the year 658 AH began. It opened on a Thursday, and the people were without a caliph.
The sovereignty of the Two Iraqs, Khurasan, and other eastern territories (5) was in the hands of Sultan Hulagu Khan (6), son of Tolui ibn Chinggis Khan, the king of the Tatars.
The Sultan of Egypt was al-Malik al-Muzaffar Sayf al-Din Qutuz, a mamluk of al-Muʿizz Aybak (7) the Turkmen.
The Sultan of Damascus and Aleppo was al-Malik al-Nasir, son of al-ʿAziz, son of al-Zahir Ghazi ibn al-Nasir, conqueror of Jerusalem.
The regions of al-Karak and al-Shawbak belonged to al-Malik al-Mughith ibn al-ʿAdil ibn al-Kamil Muhammad ibn al-ʿAdil Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub. He was in league with al-Nasir, lord of Damascus, against the Egyptians; fighting alongside them was the amir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari. They had resolved (8) to wage war against the Egyptians and wrest Egypt (9) from them, and to seize Aleppo and Damascus (10).
While the people were in this condition and reports were pouring in that the Tatars intended to invade Syria, the Mongol army, accompanied by their king Hulagu Khan, entered the region. They crossed the Euphrates on bridges (11) they had constructed and reached Aleppo on the second of Safar that year. They besieged it for seven days, then took it under a pledge of safety; afterward they treacherously killed (12) a multitude known only to Allah—exalted is He—, plundered possessions, carried off women and children, and inflicted on the city nearly the same horrors that had befallen the people of Baghdad,