Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah - Ibn Kathir - (2/258)

Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

He said, “I asked my Lord for intercession on behalf of my community and He granted it to me; by Allah’s will it shall reach all who do not associate anything with Him.”(1)

Allah the Exalted says:
“We did not create the heavens and the earth and all that lies between them in play. Had We wished to take a pastime, We could have taken it from Our own presence—if ever We were going to do so. Rather, We hurl the truth against falsehood and it crushes it, and behold, it perishes. Woe to you for what you describe! To Him belongs everyone in the heavens and on the earth. Those who are with Him are never too proud to worship Him, nor do they grow weary; they glorify Him night and day without flagging.” (al-Anbiyāʾ 21:16-20)

He, the Most High, also says:
“Had Allah wished to take a son, He could have chosen whatever He pleased from what He creates. Exalted is He! He is Allah, the One, the Subduer. He created the heavens and the earth in truth; He wraps the night over the day and wraps the day over the night, and He has subjected the sun and the moon—each running for an appointed term. Truly, He is the Almighty, the All-Forgiving.” (az-Zumar 39:4-5)

And He says:
“Say: If the All-Merciful had a child, I would be the first to worship. Glorified be the Lord of the heavens and the earth, the Lord of the Throne, far above what they attribute.” (az-Zukhruf 43:81-82)

He also says:
“And say: Praise be to Allah who has taken no son, who has no partner in sovereignty, nor needs any ally out of weakness. Magnify Him with all magnificence.” (al-Isrāʾ 17:111)

And He says:
“Say: He is Allah, One; Allah, the Everlasting Refuge; He neither begets nor is begotten; and there is none comparable to Him.” (al-Ikhlāṣ 112:1-4)

It is authentically reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘The son of Adam insults Me, and it is not proper for him to do so. He claims that I have a child, while I am the One, the Everlasting Refuge, who has neither begotten nor been begotten, and there is none comparable to Me.’”(2)

Another authentic narration states that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“No one is more patient regarding the abuse he hears than Allah. They attribute a child to Him, yet He continues to provide for them and grant them well-being.”(3)

Yet it is likewise soundly reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“Allah surely gives the wrongdoer respite, but when He seizes him He does not release him.” He then recited: “Such is the grasp of your Lord when He seizes the towns while they are doing wrong; His grasp is painful, severe.”(4) (Hūd 11:102)

(1) The hadith is in Musnad Ahmad (vol. 5, p. 149). (2) The complete hadith appears in al-Bukhari nos. 4974 and 4975 in the Tafsir, chapter on the interpretation of Sura al-Ikhlas; in an-Nasa’i (vol. 4, p. 112); and in Musnad Ahmad (vol. 2, pp. 317, 350), transmitted via Abu Hurayra. (3) It is narrated by al-Bukhari no. 6099 in al-Adab (Book of Manners), chapter on patience under harm; and no. 7378 in at-Tawhid (Book of Monotheism), chapter on the saying of Allah the Exalted, “Indeed, Allah is the Provider, the Possessor of Power, the Firm”; by Muslim no. 2804 in al-Nifaq (Book of Hypocrites), chapter “No one endures harm with more patience than Allah”; and by Ahmad (vol. 4, pp. 395, 401, 405). Its wording here differs slightly. (4) It is reported by al-Bukhari no. 4686 in the Tafsir (Interpretation), under Sura Hud, chapter “And thus is the seizure of your Lord when He seizes the towns”; by Muslim no. 2583 in the Book of Virtue and Maintaining Ties, chapter on the prohibition of injustice; by at-Tirmidhi no. 3110 in the Tafsir, chapter on Sura Hud; and by Ibn Majah no. 4018 in the Book of Tribulations, chapter on punishments. At-Tirmidhi commented: “This hadith is hasan (good), sahih (authentic), and gharib (rare) …”

– Exalté soit-Il – الشفاعةَ لأمتي فأعطانيها، وهي نائلةٌ إن شاء الله تعالى لمن لا يشرك باللّه شيئًا (١) . وقال: ﴿وَمَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَاءَ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا لَاعِبِينَ (١٦) لَوْ أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَتَّخِذَ لَهْوًا لَاتَّخَذْنَاهُ مِنْ لَدُنَّا إِنْ كُنَّا فَاعِلِينَ (١٧) بَلْ نَقْذِفُ بِالْحَقِّ عَلَى الْبَاطِلِ فَيَدْمَغُهُ فَإِذَا هُوَ زَاهِقٌ وَلَكُمُ الْوَيْلُ مِمَّا تَصِفُونَ (١٨) وَلَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَنْ عِنْدَهُ لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِهِ وَلَا يَسْتَحْسِرُونَ (١٩) يُسَبِّحُونَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ لَا يَفْتُرُونَ﴾ [الأنبياء: ١٦ - ٢٠] . وقال تعالى: ﴿لَوْ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ وَلَدًا لَاصْطَفَى مِمَّا يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ سُبْحَانَهُ هُوَ اللَّهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ (٤) خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ يُكَوِّرُ اللَّيْلَ عَلَى النَّهَارِ وَيُكَوِّرُ النَّهَارَ عَلَى اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى أَلَا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْغَفَّارُ﴾ [الزمر: ٤، ٥] . وقال تعالى: ﴿قُلْ إِنْ كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَنِ وَلَدٌ فَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْعَابِدِينَ (٨١) سُبْحَانَ رَبِّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ رَبِّ الْعَرْشِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ﴾ [الزخرف: ٨١، ٨٢] . وقال تعَالى: ﴿وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمُلْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ مِنَ الذُّلِّ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا﴾ [الإسراء: ١١١] . وقال تعالى: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ (١) اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ (٢) لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ (٣) وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ﴾. وثبت في الصحيح عن رسول اللّه ﷺ أنه قال: "يقول الله تعالى: شتمني ابن آدم ولم يكن له ذلك، يزعم أن لي ولدًا وأنا الأحد الصمدُ الذي لم ألدْ ولم أُولدْ ولم يكن لي كفوًا أحد" (٢) . وفي الصحيح أيضًا عن رسول اللّه ﷺ أنه قال: "لا أحد أصبرُ على أذى سمعه من اللّه، إنهم يجعلون له ولدًا وهو يرزقهم ويعافيهم" (٣) . ولكن ثبت في الصحيح أيضًا عن رسول الله ﷺ أنه قال: "إن الله ليملي للظالم حتى إذا أخذه لم يفلته" ، ثم قرأ: ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَى وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ إِنَّ أَخْذَهُ أَلِيمٌ شَدِيدٌ﴾ (٤) [هود: ١٠٢] .

(١) الحديث في مسند أحمد (٥/ ١٤٩). (٢) الحديث بتمامه في البخاري رقم (٤٩٧٤) و (٤٩٧٥)، في التفسير، باب تفسير سورة الإخلاص. والنسائي (٤/ ١١٢)، ومسند أحمد (٢/ ٣١٧، ٣٥٠). من طريق أبي هريرة ﵁ . (٣) أخرجه البخاري رقم (٦٠٩٩)، في الأدب، باب الصبر في الأذى، ورقم (٧٣٧٨) في التوحيد، باب قول الله تعالى ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الرَّزَّاقُ ذُو الْقُوَّةِ الْمَتِينُ﴾، ومسلم (٢٨٠٤) في المنافقين، باب لا أحد أصبر على أذى، من الله ﷿ ، وأحمد (٤/ ٣٩٥، ٤٠١، ٤٠٥). وفي لفظه اختلاف يسير عما هنا. (٤) أخرجه البخاري رقم (٤٦٨٦)، في التفسير، (تفسير سورة هود)، باب ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَى﴾، ومسلم (٢٥٨٣) في البر والصلة، باب تحريم الظلم، والترمذي (٣١١٠) في التفسير، باب ومن سورة هود، وابن ماجة (٤٠١٨)، في الفتن، باب العقوبات. وقال الترمذي: هذا حديث حسن صحيح غريب …