Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

and of al-Rashid the Caliph (1), leaving it a desolate ruin (2). They then marched on Herat, slaughtered great numbers of its people, and installed their own governor over it. After that they advanced to Ghazna, where Jalal al-Din ibn Khwarizm Shah met them in battle and put them to flight. They returned to Herat, found that its inhabitants had rebelled, and exterminated them to the very last man. They subsequently rejoined their king, Chinggis Khan—may Allah curse him and them.

Chinggis Khan dispatched another contingent to the city of Khwarizm; they besieged it until they seized it by force, massacred its inhabitants (3) in a wholesale slaughter, plundered the town, and carried off its people as captives (4). They then broke the bridge that held back the waters of the Jihun (Oxus) from it, so the houses were flooded and the entire population perished; afterward they returned to Chinggis Khan while he was encamped near (5) Talaqan.

From there he sent another column toward Ghazna; Jalal al-Din ibn Khwarizm Shah engaged them again and dealt them a grievous defeat, rescuing from their hands a multitude of Muslim prisoners. He then wrote to Chinggis Khan, demanding that he come out in person to fight him. Chinggis Khan accepted and advanced against him; the two armies faced each other, but part of Jalal al-Din’s forces had already scattered, leaving no choice but to fight. They battled for three days in a clash the like of which had never before been witnessed among them (6). Eventually the troops of Jalal al-Din weakened (7) and withdrew (8); they embarked upon the River of Sind (9). The Tatars then proceeded to Ghazna and captured it (10) without toil or resistance (11). All of this—and indeed even more—took place in that same year.

In this year (12) al-Ashraf Musa (13) ibn al-ʿAdil ceded to his brother Shihab al-Din Ghazi (14) the dominion of Khilat, Mayyafarikin, the Armenian territories, and Hani (15), taking in exchange al-Ruha (Edessa) and Saruj, because he was too occupied to defend those districts while assisting his brother al-Kamil in his struggle against the Franks—may Allah curse them.

(1) Found only in manuscript T. (2) In manuscript A: “and they abandoned it.” (3) In manuscript T: “until they captured the city by force and slaughtered its inhabitants utterly.” (4) In manuscript A: “they plundered and took its people captive, then returned to their ruler Jenghis Khan.” (5) In manuscript B: “from it … to.” (6) In manuscripts A and B: “its like had never been known before.” (7) In manuscript T: “then it weakened.” (8) In manuscripts A and B: “the companions of Sultan Jalal al-Din b. Khwarazm Shah departed.” (9) In manuscripts A and B: “so they sailed on the Indian Sea.” (10) In manuscript B: “so they took it.” (11) In manuscripts A and B: “and they took it without effort or resistance.” (12) In manuscript T: “and in it also.” (13) The biography of Musa al-Ashraf appears in Wafayāt under 635 AH. (14) The biography of al-Muzaffar appears in Wafayāt for the year 645 AH. (15) The term does not occur in manuscript T; in manuscripts A and B it reads “Rajāy,” a corruption. Here, in the histories of Ibn al-Athir, “bi-wazn qāḍī wa-ghāzī” is the name of a city in Diyar Bakr, from which several scholars take their nisba (see al-Muʿjam al-Buldan 2:208, Cairo ed., Bashshār).
الخليفة (١) فتركوه (٢) خرابًا، [ثم ساروا إِلى هراة فقتلوا خلقًا واستنابوا عليها] ثم ساروا إِلى غزنة فقاتلهم جلال الدين (بن) خوارزم شاه فكسرهم [فعادوا إِلى هراة فإِذا أهلها قد نقضوا فقتلوهم عن آخرهم] ثم عادوا إِلى ملكهم جنكيز خان لعنه اللّه وإِياهم، وأرسل جنكيز خان طائفة أخرى إِلى مدينة خوارزم فحاصروها حتى فتحوها قهرًا فقتلوا أهلها (٣) قتلًا ذريعًا، ونهبوها وسبوا أهلها (٤) وأرسلوا الجسر الذي يمنع ماء جيحون منها [فغرقت دورها وهلك جميع أهلها ثم عادوا إِلى جنكيز خان وهو مخيم على] (٥) الطالقان، فجهز منهم طائفة إِلى غزنة فاقتتل معهم جلال الدين (بن) خوارزم شاه فكسرهم جلال الدين كسرة عظيمة، واستنقذ منهم خلقًا من أسارى المسلمين، ثم كتب إِلى جنكيز خان يطلب منه أن يبرز بنفسه لقتاله، فقصده جنكيز خان فتواجها وقد تفرق على جلال الدين بعض جيشه ولم يبق بد من القتال، فاقتتلوا ثلاثةَ أيامٍ لم يُعْهد قبلها (٦) مثلها من قتالهم، ثم ضعف (٧) أصحاب جلال الدين فذهبوا (٨) فركبوا بحر (٩) السند فسارت التتار إِلى غزنة فأخذوها (١٠) بلا كلفة ولا ممانعة (١١) ، كل هذا أو أكثره وقع في هذه السنة. وفي هذه السنة (١٢) ترك الأشرف موسى (١٣) بن العادل لأخيه شهاب الدين غازي (١٤) ملك خلاط وميافارقين وبلاد أرمينية [وحاني] (١٥) واعتاض (عن ذلك) بالرُّها وسَرُوج، وذلك لاشتغاله عن حفظ تلك النواحي بمساعدة أخيه الكامل ونصرته على الفرنج لعنهم اللّه تعالى.
(١) عن ط وحدها. (٢) أ: وتركوه. (٣) ط: حتى فتحوا البلد قهرًا فقتلوا من فيها قتلًا ذريعًا. (٤) أ: ونهبوا وأسروا أهلها ثم عادوا إِلى ملكهم جنكز خان. (٥) ب: عنها … إِلى. (٦) أ، ب: لم يعهد مثلها قبلها. (٧) ط: ثم ضعفت. (٨) أ، ب: أصحاب السلطان جلال الدين بن خورزم شاه فذهبوا. (٩) أ، ب: فركبوا في بحر الهند. (١٠) ب: فأخذوا. (١١) أ، ب: فأخذوها بلا كلفة ولا مرافضة. (١٢) ط: وفيها أيضًا. (١٣) سترد ترجمة موسى الأشرف في وفيات ٦٣٥. (١٤) سترد ترجمة المظفر في وفيات سنة ٦٤٥. (١٥) ليست اللفظة في ط، وهي في أ، ب: "رجاي" محرفة، وما هنا من تاريخ ابن الأثير، وهي بوزن قاضي وغازي، اسم مدينة معروفة بديار بكر، نسب إِليها عدد من العلماء، كما في معجم البلدان (٢/ ٢٠٨ ط. صادر) (بشار).

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