(3) A Study of the Book Al-Bidāyah wa’l-Nihāyah
First: Content
[Prologue]
Al-Bidāyah wa’l-Nihāyah is a universal, Islamic chronicle. It opens with the creation of the world, proceeds to the accounts of the prophets and messengers, the biography of the Prophet ﷺ, and the events of Muslim life up to 774 AH—although the portion that has reached us stops at 668 AH. The work ends with a treatment of the Hour and its portents, and of the conditions and terrors of the Hereafter.
This global, all-encompassing outlook on history was laid down by the Noble Qur’an and guided by the Prophetic Sunnah, which portray the prophets as a single brotherhood and the successive revelations as expressions of the one true religion—that is, submission and surrender to Allah, the One, the Eternal Refuge. Allah, exalted is He, says:
“Indeed, the religion with Allah is Islam.” (Āl ʿImrān 3:19)
The Qur’an also recounts the fate of the ancient Arabs who associated partners with Allah and spread corruption in the land; He punished them in this world before the next, making their fate and their lands a lesson for people of insight and understanding. It alludes to the wars between Persia and Byzantium, depicts Arab life with its idolatry and ignorance, records the events of the Prophetic sīrah, and—with unmatched precision—describes the Prophet’s stances, their sincere feelings, and their overflowing emotions.
As every nation needs a history of which it can be proud, from which it draws lessons and sound examples, so the Qur’an traced for the Muslim community the outlines of a complete and comprehensive human history. In this Qur’anic perspective, the science of history is an Islamic discipline: it is not built on selectivity, materialist interpretations, or human philosophies, but rather documents real events with full objectivity and perfect fairness. It introduces righteous friends of Allah, diligent scholars, rulers and sultans; and within it the sciences of exegesis, Hadith, jurisprudence, sociology, ethics, religion, worldly life, and the Hereafter intertwine.